org2tex.sty

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% THE SOFTWARE.
%
% =======================================================
% org2tex.sty — Org‑mode to LaTeX Converter • fixed v1.5
% =======================================================
%
% Overview:
%   Parses a subset of Org‑mode syntax at compile time under LuaLaTeX,
%   converting it into equivalent LaTeX constructs.
%
% Changelog (v1.5 – 2025‑04‑29):
%   * Fix #1  – table generator: double \\, trailing |, header‑separator col‑count
%   * Fix #2  – list parser: proper environment closing & enumerate start >1
%   * Fix #4  – inline formatting: allow spaces inside markers
%   * Fix #6  – citation regex: avoid accidental URL matches
%   * Fix #7  – respect \orgparseglobal boolean at each callback invocation
%
% =======================================================

\ProvidesPackage{org2tex}[2025/04/29 v1.5 Fixed Implementation]
\RequirePackage{luacode}
\RequirePackage{hyperref}
\RequirePackage{amsthm}

\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}
\newtheorem{example}{Example}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}

\newif\iforgparseglobal
\orgparseglobaltrue
\DeclareOption{global}{\orgparseglobaltrue}
\DeclareOption{env}{\orgparseglobalfalse}
\ProcessOptions\relax

\newenvironment{orgmode}{\directlua{in_org=true}}{\directlua{in_org=false}}

\AtBeginDocument{\directlua{
-- Lua side
local in_org = false
local in_math = false
local footnotes = {}
local used_footnotes = {}
local list_state = {}
local in_table = false
local table_buf = {}
local desc_open = false

local function split(s, p)
    local t = {}
    for v in s:gmatch("([^" .. p .. "]+)") do
        t[#t + 1] = v
    end
    return t
end

--
-- 1. Tables
--
local function parse_table(line)
    -- Collect continuous "| ... |" lines
    if line:match("^%s*|.*|%s*$") then
        in_table = true
        table_buf[#table_buf + 1] = line
        return true, ""
    elseif in_table then
        -- Non‑table line -> flush buffer
        local rows = {}
        for _, l in ipairs(table_buf) do
            local cells = {}
            for c in l:gmatch("|([^|]*)") do
                cells[#cells + 1] = c
            end
            rows[#rows + 1] = cells
        end
        local n = #rows[1]

        -- Alignment string  |l|l|l|  (no duplicate trailing bar)
        local align = string.rep("l|", n - 1) .. "l"
        local out = {"\\begin{tabular}{|" .. align .. "|}", "\\hline"}

        -- Header row
        out[#out + 1] = table.concat(rows[1], " & ") .. " \\\\ \\hline"

        -- Detect optional separator row
        local start = 2
        if rows[2] then
            local is_sep = (#rows[2] == n)
            for _, c in ipairs(rows[2]) do
                if not c:match("^%s*[:%-]+%s*$") then
                    is_sep = false
                    break
                end
            end
            if is_sep then
                start = 3
            end
        end

        -- Body rows
        for i = start, #rows do
            out[#out + 1] = table.concat(rows[i], " & ") .. " \\\\ \\hline"
        end
        out[#out + 1] = "\\end{tabular}"

        in_table = false
        table_buf = {}
        return true, table.concat(out, "\n") .. "\n" .. line -- keep current line for further parsing
    end
    return false, line
end

--
-- 2. Footnotes
--
local function collect_footnote(line)
    local k, t = line:match("^%s*%[%^([^%%]]+)%]:%s*(.*)")
    if k then
        footnotes[k] = t
        return true, ""
    end
    return false, line
end

local function replace_footnote(line)
    return line:gsub(
        "%[%^([^%%]]+)%]",
        function(k)
            local txt = footnotes[k] or ""
            if not used_footnotes[k] then
                used_footnotes[k] = true
                return "\\footnote{\\label{orgfn:" .. k .. "}" .. txt .. "}"
            else
                return "\\footnotemark[\\ref{orgfn:" .. k .. "}]"
            end
        end
    )
end

--
-- 3. Definition lists
--
local function parse_desc(line)
    local k, v = line:match("^%s*(.-)%s*::%s*(.*)")
    if k then
        if not desc_open then
            desc_open = true
            return true, "\\begin{description}\n  \\item[" .. k .. "] " .. v
        end
        return true, "  \\item[" .. k .. "] " .. v
    elseif desc_open then
        desc_open = false
        return true, "\\end{description}\n" .. line
    end
    return false, line
end

--
-- 4. Block environments
--
local function parse_env(line)
    local e = line:match("^#%+begin_(quote|verse|center)")
    if e then
        return true, "\\begin{" .. e .. "}"
    end
    e = line:match("^#%+end_(quote|verse|center)")
    if e then
        return true, "\\end{" .. e .. "}"
    end
    return false, line
end

--
-- 5. Bibliography
--
local function parse_bib(line)
    local b = line:match("^#%+bibliography:%s*(.*)")
    if b then
        local paths = {}
        for q in b:gmatch('"(.-)"') do
            paths[#paths + 1] = q
        end
        local rest = b:gsub('".-"', "")
        for f in rest:gmatch("%S+") do
            paths[#paths + 1] = f
        end
        for _, f in ipairs(paths) do
            tex.print("\\bibliography{" .. f .. "}")
        end
        return true, ""
    end
    return false, line
end

--
-- 6. Citations
--
local function parse_cite(line)
    -- long-form [cite:...]
    line =
        line:gsub(
        "%[cite%s*/?[%w_-]*%s*:%s*([^%]]+)%]",
        function(body)
            local parts = split(body, ";")
            local out = {}
            for _, item in ipairs(parts) do
                local s = item:match("^%s*(.-)%s*$")
                local pre, key, sf = s:match("^(.-)%s*@([%w%-%_%.]+)%s*(.*)")
                if not key then
                    pre = ""
                    key = s:gsub("^@", "")
                    sf = ""
                end
                local cmd = "\\cite" .. (sf ~= "" and "[" .. sf .. "]" or "")
                out[#out + 1] = (pre ~= "" and (pre .. " ") or "") .. cmd .. "{" .. key .. "}"
            end
            return table.concat(out, "; ")
        end
    )
    -- short-form cite:@key
    -- avoid matching inside URLs (preceded by '/')
    line = line:gsub("(^)cite:@?([%w%-%_%.]+)", "\\cite{%2}")
    line =
        line:gsub(
        "([^%w/])cite:@?([%w%-%_%.]+)",
        function(p, key)
            return p .. "\\cite{" .. key .. "}"
        end
    )
    return line
end

--
-- 7. Theorem-like blocks
--
local function parse_theorem(line)
    local e, a = line:match("^#%+begin_(proof|definition|example|theorem|lemma)%s*(.*)")
    if e then
        local nm = a:match(':name%s+"(.-)"')
        return "\\begin{" .. e .. "}" .. (nm and "[" .. nm .. "]" or "")
    end
    e = line:match("^#%+end_(proof|definition|example|theorem|lemma)")
    if e then
        return "\\end{" .. e .. "}"
    end
    return line
end

--
-- 8. Mathematics
--
local function parse_math(line)
    local d = line:match("^%$%$(.-)%$%$")
    if d then
        return true, "\\[" .. d .. "\\]"
    end
    if line:match("^%$%$") then
        in_math = not in_math
        return true, (in_math and "\\[" or "\\]")
    end
    if in_math then
        return true, line
    end
    return false, line:gsub("%$(.-)%$", "\\(%1\\)")
end

--
-- 9. Source code blocks
--
local function parse_code(line)
    if line:match("^#%+begin_src") then
        return true, "\\begin{verbatim}"
    end
    if line:match("^#%+end_src") then
        return true, "\\end{verbatim}"
    end
    return false, line
end

--
-- 10. Headings
--
local function parse_head(line)
    local s, t = line:match("^(%*+)%s*(.*)")
    if s then
        local cmds = {"section", "subsection", "subsubsection", "paragraph", "subparagraph"}
        return true, "\\" .. (cmds[#s] or cmds[#cmds]) .. "{" .. t .. "}"
    end
    return false, line
end

--
-- 11. Horizontal rule
--
local function parse_hr(line)
    if line:match("^%s*----") then
        return true, "\\hrulefill"
    end
    return false, line
end

--
-- 12. Lists (fixes for proper nesting & numbering)
--
local counter_names = {"enumi", "enumii", "enumiii", "enumiv", "enumv"}

local function close_deeper(current_lvl)
    for lvl = #list_state, current_lvl + 1, -1 do
        local env = list_state[lvl]
        if env then
            tex.print(string.rep("  ", lvl - 1) .. "\\end{" .. env .. "}")
            list_state[lvl] = nil
        end
    end
end

local function parse_list(line)
    -- bullet list (- or +)
    local indent, bullet, rest = line:match("^(%s*)([%-%+])%s+(.*)")
    local numeric
    if not bullet then -- enumerate (digits.)
        indent, numeric, rest = line:match("^(%s*)(%d+)%.%s+(.*)")
        if numeric then
            bullet = numeric
        end
    end
    if bullet then
        local env = (bullet == "-" or bullet == "+") and "itemize" or "enumerate"
        local lvl = #indent / 2 + 1
        close_deeper(lvl)
        local lines = {}
        if not list_state[lvl] then -- first item at this level
            list_state[lvl] = env
            if env == "enumerate" and numeric and tonumber(numeric) > 1 then
                local cnt = counter_names[lvl] or "enumi"
                lines[#lines + 1] =
                    indent .. "\\begin{" .. env .. "}\\setcounter{" .. cnt .. "}{" .. (tonumber(numeric) - 1) .. "}"
            else
                lines[#lines + 1] = indent .. "\\begin{" .. env .. "}"
            end
        elseif list_state[lvl] ~= env then -- bullet type changed
            local prev = list_state[lvl]
            list_state[lvl] = env
            lines[#lines + 1] = indent .. "\\end{" .. prev .. "}"
            lines[#lines + 1] = indent .. "\\begin{" .. env .. "}"
        end
        lines[#lines + 1] = indent .. "\\item " .. rest
        return true, table.concat(lines, "\n")
    else
        -- close all open lists when leaving list context
        close_deeper(0)
    end
    return false, line
end

--
-- 13. Inline formatting & links (Fix #4)
--
local function fmt(line)
    return line:gsub("%*([^%*]-)%*", "\\textbf{%1}"):gsub("/([^/]-)/", "\\emph{%1}"):gsub(
        "_([^_]-)_",
        "\\underline{%1}"
    ):gsub("=([^=]-)=", "\\texttt{%1}"):gsub("~([^~]-)~", "\\texttt{%1}")
end

local function link(line)
    return line:gsub("%[%[(.-)%]%[(.-)%]%]", "\\href{%1}{%2}")
end

--
-- 14. Master dispatcher
--
callback.register(
    "process_input_buffer",
    function(line)
        -- Fix #7: evaluate global flag at each call
        local parse_global = tex.getboolean("orgparseglobal")
        if not (parse_global or in_org) then
            return line
        end

        local handled, out

        handled, out = parse_table(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end
        handled, out = collect_footnote(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end
        line = replace_footnote(line)

        handled, out = parse_desc(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end
        handled, out = parse_env(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end
        handled, out = parse_bib(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end

        line = parse_cite(line)
        line = parse_theorem(line)

        handled, out = parse_math(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end
        handled, out = parse_code(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end
        handled, out = parse_head(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end
        handled, out = parse_hr(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end
        handled, out = parse_list(line)
        if handled then
            return out
        end

        return link(fmt(line))
    end
)
}}