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Last active January 9, 2026 18:50
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Raw
command.sh
claude --print --verbose --output-format=stream-json --dangerously-skip-permissions --model=sonnet --system-prompt-file=./system-prompt.txt "Begin with an educational institution in a major coastal city of a West African nation, founded after a specific official body suggested its creation for advanced studies in commerce. A notable academic from its faculty, recognized by a moniker tied to the institution's main campus area and distinguished for being the first from his continent to receive a particular advanced scientific degree in engineering from a London college at an early age, later became a vocal critic during a subsequent period of his country's democratic governance. This democratic period, which succeeded military leadership and adopted a system of rule similar to that of a large North American nation, saw the election of a head of state. This head of state initiated a nationwide agricultural enhancement program sometimes referred to by a colorful name, before being overthrown in a military takeover on the final day of a calendar year. A medical professional specializing in cardiac care, who also meticulously documented his nation's military interventions, provided a detailed account of this particular overthrow. What is the full date of birth (Month Day, Year) of this medical professional and historian? Your final answer should only be the date of birth" | jq .
Raw
rollout.json
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"TaskOutput",
"Bash",
"Glob",
"Grep",
"ExitPlanMode",
"Read",
"Edit",
"Write",
"NotebookEdit",
"WebFetch",
"TodoWrite",
"WebSearch",
"KillShell",
"AskUserQuestion",
"Skill",
"EnterPlanMode"
],
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{
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"pr-comments",
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"security-review"
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{
"type": "text",
"text": "I'll decompose this complex research question into distinct threads and use subagents to investigate each clue systematically.\n\n**Clues identified:**\n1. West African coastal city university founded for commerce studies\n2. Professor with campus-area nickname, first African PhD in engineering from London\n3. Democratic period with US-style system after military rule\n4. Leader who started agricultural program (colorful name) overthrown Dec 31\n5. Cardiologist historian who documented military coups\n\nLet me spawn parallel research tasks:"
}
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"description": "Find first African engineering PhD",
"prompt": "Search for: The first African to receive a PhD in engineering from a London university at an early age. This person later became a professor and was known by a nickname related to a university campus area in West Africa.\n\nFind:\n- Person's name\n- University affiliation\n- Nickname\n- London university where PhD was obtained\n- Age at PhD completion\n\nReturn findings as clear summary." }
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"type": "text",
"text": "Search for: A university in a major coastal city of a West African nation that was founded after an official body recommended its creation for advanced studies in commerce.\n\nFind:\n- University name\n- City and country\n- Founding circumstances\n- Connection to commerce studies\n\nReturn findings as clear summary with specific names and dates."
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}
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{
"type": "user",
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{
"type": "text",
"text": "Search for: A West African country that transitioned from military rule to democracy with a US-style presidential system. Focus on countries where a leader initiated an agricultural enhancement program with a colorful name and was overthrown on December 31 in a military coup.\n\nFind:\n- Country name\n- Leader's name\n- Agricultural program name\n- Specific date of December 31 coup (which year)\n- Democratic period dates\n\nReturn findings as clear summary." } ] }, "parent_tool_use_id": "toolu_01Kg82SZVneToh8pL51wBLfg", "session_id": "115b5097-12d9-4ade-98fb-9f43dd5d5ae9", "uuid": "08d1fc7c-5d7d-4462-8424-714669f704f9" } { "type": "user", "message": { "role": "user", "content": [ {
"type": "text",
"text": "Search for: A cardiologist (heart doctor) from a West African nation who documented and wrote detailed accounts of military coups in his country, particularly focusing on coups that occurred on December 31.\n\nFind:\n- Doctor's full name\n- Date of birth\n- Medical specialty (confirm cardiology)\n- Books or publications about coups\n- Country\n\nReturn findings including the FULL DATE OF BIRTH (Month Day, Year)."
}
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"type": "tool_use",
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"query": "West African cardiologist heart doctor military coups December 31 books"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"West African university coastal city founded commerce studies official body recommendation\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"University of Cape Coast - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cape_Coast\"},{\"title\":\"Top Universities in Africa | QSChina\",\"url\":\"https://www.qschina.cn/en/university-rankings-articles/world-university-rankings/top-universities-africa\"},{\"title\":\"West African Union University – Knowledge: The Insurance Against Ignorance\",\"url\":\"https://thewauu.com/\"},{\"title\":\"Best Universities in West Africa - FunTimes Magazine\",\"url\":\"https://funtimesmagazine.com/best-universities-in-west-africa/\"},{\"title\":\"West African University | World University Rankings | THE\",\"url\":\"https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/west-african-university\"},{\"title\":\"West African Union University - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_Union_University\"},{\"title\":\"West African Countries - African Studies and African Country Resources @ Pitt - Guides at University of Pittsburgh\",\"url\":\"https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12378&p=65818\"},{\"title\":\"Home | Economic and Management Sciences | Commerce\",\"url\":\"https://commerce.nwu.ac.za/\"},{\"title\":\"University of the Western Cape - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Western_Cape\"},{\"title\":\"University of the West Indies - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found information about the **University of Cape Coast** in Ghana that matches several elements of your query:\n\nThe University of Cape Coast is ranked as the No. 1 University in Ghana and the No. 1 University in West Africa. Cape Coast is indeed a coastal city in Ghana.\n\nThe university offers Master of Commerce (M.Com.) degrees among its various disciplines, indicating commerce studies programs.\n\nRegarding official body recommendations, the university has a structured governance system where committees receive reports and consider recommendations pertaining to higher degrees and graduate diplomas from Departmental and Faculty Committee of Graduate Studies, and make recommendations to the Academic Board for the award of higher degrees and graduate diplomas.\n\nAdditionally, in 1992, the Committee on Higher Degrees was transformed to a Board of Graduate Studies, a sub-committee of Academic Board that was entrusted with responsibility for administering graduate education in the university.\n\nIs this the university you were looking for, or would you like me to search for more specific information?\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"url": "https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/west-african-university"
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"title": "West African Union University - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_Union_University"
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"url": "https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12378&p=65818"
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"title": "University of the Western Cape - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Western_Cape"
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"Based on the search results, I found information about the **University of Cape Coast** in Ghana that matches several elements of your query:\n\nThe University of Cape Coast is ranked as the No. 1 University in Ghana and the No. 1 University in West Africa. Cape Coast is indeed a coastal city in Ghana.\n\nThe university offers Master of Commerce (M.Com.) degrees among its various disciplines, indicating commerce studies programs.\n\nRegarding official body recommendations, the university has a structured governance system where committees receive reports and consider recommendations pertaining to higher degrees and graduate diplomas from Departmental and Faculty Committee of Graduate Studies, and make recommendations to the Academic Board for the award of higher degrees and graduate diplomas.\n\nAdditionally, in 1992, the Committee on Higher Degrees was transformed to a Board of Graduate Studies, a sub-committee of Academic Board that was entrusted with responsibility for administering graduate education in the university.\n\nIs this the university you were looking for, or would you like me to search for more specific information?"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"first African PhD engineering London university early age professor nickname\"\n\nWeb search error: unavailable\n\nI'm unable to perform the web search at the moment as the search tool is currently unavailable. \n\nHowever, based on the query terms you've provided (first African PhD in engineering from a London university, became a professor at an early age, and had a nickname), you appear to be searching for information about a notable African academic pioneer in engineering.\n\nIf you'd like to try again later when the search function is available, or if you have any other questions I can help with using my existing knowledge, please let me know!\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"query": "first African PhD engineering London university early age professor nickname",
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"Web search error: unavailable",
"I'm unable to perform the web search at the moment as the search tool is currently unavailable. \n\nHowever, based on the query terms you've provided (first African PhD in engineering from a London university, became a professor at an early age, and had a nickname), you appear to be searching for information about a notable African academic pioneer in engineering.\n\nIf you'd like to try again later when the search function is available, or if you have any other questions I can help with using my existing knowledge, please let me know!"
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"text": "Let me try to help you with the information from my knowledge base about this pioneering African engineer.\n\nBased on the details you've provided - the first African to receive a PhD in engineering from a London university at an early age, who later became a professor and was known by a nickname related to a university campus area in West Africa - this appears to be referring to **Professor Ayodele Awojobi**.\n\n## Summary of Findings:\n\n**Person's Name:** Ayodele Awojobi (full name: Ayodele Oluwatuminu Awojobi)\n\n**University Affiliation:** University of Lagos, Nigeria (where he became a professor)\n\n**Nickname:** \"Awo-Great\" or \"The Great Awo\" (related to his prominence at the University of Lagos campus)\n\n**London University where PhD was obtained:** Imperial College London (University of London)\n\n**Age at PhD completion:** Approximately 26 years old (he was born in 1937 and completed his PhD around 1963)\n\n**Additional Context:**\nProfessor Awojobi was a Nigerian academic, inventor, author, and social crusader. He obtained his PhD in Vibration Studies (Mechanical Engineering) from Imperial College London and became one of Africa's youngest professors. He was renowned for his academic excellence, innovative spirit, and activism at the University of Lagos, where he became a legendary figure on campus.\n\n**Note:** Since the web search tool was unavailable, this information is based on my training data (current through January 2025). For the most current and comprehensive information, you may want to verify these details through academic databases or biographical sources about African engineering pioneers."
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"text": "Let me try to help you with the information from my knowledge base about this pioneering African engineer.\n\nBased on the details you've provided - the first African to receive a PhD in engineering from a London university at an early age, who later became a professor and was known by a nickname related to a university campus area in West Africa - this appears to be referring to **Professor Ayodele Awojobi**.\n\n## Summary of Findings:\n\n**Person's Name:** Ayodele Awojobi (full name: Ayodele Oluwatuminu Awojobi)\n\n**University Affiliation:** University of Lagos, Nigeria (where he became a professor)\n\n**Nickname:** \"Awo-Great\" or \"The Great Awo\" (related to his prominence at the University of Lagos campus)\n\n**London University where PhD was obtained:** Imperial College London (University of London)\n\n**Age at PhD completion:** Approximately 26 years old (he was born in 1937 and completed his PhD around 1963)\n\n**Additional Context:**\nProfessor Awojobi was a Nigerian academic, inventor, author, and social crusader. He obtained his PhD in Vibration Studies (Mechanical Engineering) from Imperial College London and became one of Africa's youngest professors. He was renowned for his academic excellence, innovative spirit, and activism at the University of Lagos, where he became a legendary figure on campus.\n\n**Note:** Since the web search tool was unavailable, this information is based on my training data (current through January 2025). For the most current and comprehensive information, you may want to verify these details through academic databases or biographical sources about African engineering pioneers."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"University Lagos UNILAG founded commission recommendation commerce business studies Nigeria\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"About Us – University of Lagos\",\"url\":\"https://unilag.edu.ng/about-us/\"},{\"title\":\"University of Lagos - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Lagos\"},{\"title\":\"UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS BUSINESS SCHOOL – ULBS\",\"url\":\"https://ulbs.unilag.edu.ng/\"},{\"title\":\"About - University Of Lagos\",\"url\":\"https://unilag.edu.ng/about/\"},{\"title\":\"University of Lagos UNILAG 2025 Rankings, Courses, Tuition & Admissions\",\"url\":\"https://www.4icu.org/reviews/7249.htm\"},{\"title\":\"BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION – University of Lagos Faculty of Management Science\",\"url\":\"https://mgtsci.unilag.edu.ng/?page_id=549\"},{\"title\":\"University of Lagos (1962- ) | BlackPast.org\",\"url\":\"https://blackpast.org/global-african-history/university-lagos-1962/\"},{\"title\":\"University of Lagos Business School (ULBS)\",\"url\":\"https://www.amba-bga.com/schools/university-of-lagos-business-school-ulbs-\"},{\"title\":\"www.unilag.edu.ng | University of Lagos : UNILAG\",\"url\":\"https://infoguidenigeria.com/tag/unilag-edu-ng/\"},{\"title\":\"Accounting - University of Lagos\",\"url\":\"https://unilag.edu.ng/?page_id=2805\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found detailed information about the University of Lagos (UNILAG) and its founding, particularly regarding the commission recommendations related to commerce and business studies:\n\n## Key Findings:\n\n**The Ashby Commission (1959):**\nThe Federal Government established the Eric Ashby Commission on Post School Certificate and Higher Education in Nigeria in May 1959.(no content)The Ashby Commission's report, titled Investment in Education, recommended the establishment of a new university in Lagos, the then Federal Capital, to offer day and evening courses in Commerce, Business Administration, Economics and Higher Management Studies.\n\n**UNESCO Commission Role:**\nIn 1961, the Federal Government assigned the detailed planning of the new university to a UNESCO Advisory Commission. However, there was a key difference in vision: whereas the Ashby Commission had envisaged a non-residential institution which would be cited in the business district of Central Lagos, the UNESCO Commission opted for a traditional university, \"a complete all encompassing institution\" with residential accommodation on a large campus.\n\n**Establishment:**\nFollowing the acceptance of the UNESCO Commission's report, the University of Lagos was established on 22nd October 1962 on the authority of the University of Lagos Act of 1962.\n\n**Initial Faculty:**\nFor the first academic session, 1962/1963, the University admitted 46 students for the Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration and 26 for the Faculty of Law.(no content)At its first meeting the Board of the Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration changed the name to the Faculty of Business and Social Studies.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"West African country military rule democracy US-style presidential system agricultural program December 31 coup\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Coups in west Africa have five things in common: knowing what they are is key to defending democracy | Democracy in Africa\",\"url\":\"https://democracyinafrica.org/coups-in-west-africa-have-five-things-in-common-knowing-what-they-are-is-key-to-defending-democracy/\"},{\"title\":\"Coups and political stability in West Africa - House of Commons Library\",\"url\":\"https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9861/\"},{\"title\":\"A Deeper Look Into the West African Coup Wave - Foreign Policy Research Institute\",\"url\":\"https://www.fpri.org/article/2023/01/a-deeper-look-into-the-west-african-coup-wave/\"},{\"title\":\"Coups in Africa, Even in ECOWAS | Wilson Center\",\"url\":\"https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/coups-africa-even-ecowas\"},{\"title\":\"Coup Belt - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_Belt\"},{\"title\":\"Military Power Grab in West Africa: Exploiting the Domestic Rot and the Hegemonic Crisis\",\"url\":\"https://afripoli.org/military-power-grab-in-west-africa-exploiting-the-domestic-rot-and-the-hegemonic-crisis\"},{\"title\":\"Military scorecard: How do coup leaders perform in office? | Democracy in Africa\",\"url\":\"https://democracyinafrica.org/military-scorecard-how-do-coup-leaders-perform-in-office/\"},{\"title\":\"Military Coups and Democratic Decay in West Africa: Why the Popular Support for these Coups? - ON POLICY Africa\",\"url\":\"https://onpolicy.org/military-coups-and-democratic-decay-in-west-africa-why-the-popular-support-for-these-coups/\"},{\"title\":\"The Niger Coup’s Outsized Global Impact | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace\",\"url\":\"https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2023/08/the-niger-coups-outsized-global-impact?lang=en\"},{\"title\":\"Military Coups in Africa: A Continuation of Politics by Other Means? – ACCORD\",\"url\":\"https://www.accord.org.za/conflict-trends/military-coups-in-africa-a-continuation-of-politics-by-other-means/\"}]\n\nI found search results about recent military coups in West Africa, but I didn't find specific information about a \"December 31 coup\" with a US-style presidential system and agricultural program. Let me search more specifically for these details.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry John Rawlings, revolutionary populism, and democracy in Ghana - Africa at LSE\",\"url\":\"https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2023/04/20/jerry-john-rawlings-revolutionary-populism-and-democracy-in-ghana/\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana’s Populist Mystic, Jerry Rawlings – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training\",\"url\":\"https://adst.org/2015/05/ghanas-populist-mystic-jerry-rawlings/\"},{\"title\":\"Coup of 1981 | history of Ghana | Britannica\",\"url\":\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Coup-of-1981\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry Rawlings - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"The complicated political legacy of Jerry Rawlings\",\"url\":\"https://africasacountry.com/2019/05/the-complicated-political-legacy-of-jerry-rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"The democratic hopes of Ghana’s Jerry John Rawlings\",\"url\":\"https://theloop.ecpr.eu/the-democratic-hopes-of-ghanas-jerry-john-rawlings/\"},{\"title\":\"Revolutionary populism and democracy in Ghana | The Journal of Modern African Studies | Cambridge Core\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/revolutionary-populism-and-democracy-in-ghana/CF4C2546EFAF96DB62173629547D5A89\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana’s Presidential Contest Shows Why Democracy Requires More Than Well-Run Elections | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace\",\"url\":\"https://carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2024/12/ghana-election-democracy-challenges-lessons?lang=en\"},{\"title\":\"Revisiting Jerry Rawlings and the December 31st revolution in Ghana 1982–1992 | Historikerbloggen\",\"url\":\"https://blogs.abo.fi/historia/2021/11/17/revisiting-jerry-rawlings-and-the-december-31st-revolution-in-ghana-1982-1992/\"}]\n\nGreat! I found information about Ghana and Jerry Rawlings' December 31, 1981 coup. Now let me search for information about Ghana's agricultural program and the US-style presidential system that was eventually adopted.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Constitutional history of Ghana | ConstitutionNet\",\"url\":\"https://constitutionnet.org/country/ghana\"},{\"title\":\"Constitution of Ghana - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Ghana\"},{\"title\":\"The 1992 Constitution of the Fourth Republic of Ghana | BETTER GHANA DIGEST\",\"url\":\"https://betterghanadigest.com/2019/06/03/ghanas-constitution/\"},{\"title\":\"1992 Constitution of Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/gh/gh014en.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 1996\",\"url\":\"https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/gha129754.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana - THE FOURTH REPUBLIC\",\"url\":\"https://countrystudies.us/ghana/100.htm\"},{\"title\":\"Constitution in Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://www.commonwealthgovernance.org/countries/africa/ghana/constitution/\"},{\"title\":\"The Constitution Of The Republic Of Ghana 1992\",\"url\":\"https://lawsghana.com/constitution/Republic/Ghana/1\"},{\"title\":\"THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA CHAPTER ONE\",\"url\":\"http://aanma.gov.gh/documents/1992 Constitution of Ghana.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 1996\",\"url\":\"https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ghana_1996.pdf\"}]\n\nPerfect! Now I need to search for information about Ghana's agricultural program, particularly if there's reference to something like \"Operation Feed Yourself\" that was mentioned in earlier results.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Operation Feed Yourself - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Feed_Yourself\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's agricultural food policy. Operation feed yourself\",\"url\":\"https://eurekamag.com/research/000/668/000668115.php\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's agricultural food policy: Operation feed yourself - ScienceDirect\",\"url\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0306919280900214\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana’s economy and food security policies: Lessons from Operation Feed Yourself\",\"url\":\"https://globalvoices.org/2024/03/11/ghanas-economy-and-food-security-policies-lessons-from-operation-feed-yourself/\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's \\\"Operation Feed Yourself\\\" Plan in 1972: A Lesson for Achieving SDG Goals | Agriculture Journalist\",\"url\":\"https://agricjournalist.com/operation-feed-yourself/\"},{\"title\":\"Mahama to launch a programme similar to the 'operation feed yourself' programme\",\"url\":\"https://www.modernghana.com/news/1325913/mahama-to-launch-a-programme-similar-to-the-oper.html\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's agricultural food policy : Operation feed yourself\",\"url\":\"https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jfpoli/v5y1980i1p14-25.html\"},{\"title\":\"Operation Feed Yourself. Ghana’s experiment towards food self-sufficiency under Colonel Acheampong 1972-1978 | infoclio.ch\",\"url\":\"https://www.infoclio.ch/en/operation-feed-yourself-ghana%E2%80%99s-experiment-towards-food-self-sufficiency-under-colonel-acheampong\"},{\"title\":\"Mahama outlines key interventions under 'Feed Ghana' to transform Agriculture\",\"url\":\"https://citinewsroom.com/2025/04/mahama-outlines-key-interventions-under-feed-ghana-to-transform-agriculture/\"},{\"title\":\"Agric Minister Designate hints of ‘Operation feed yourself’ comeback | Ghana News Agency\",\"url\":\"https://gna.org.gh/2025/01/agric-minister-designate-hints-of-operation-feed-yourself-comeback/\"}]\n\nExcellent! I now have comprehensive information about your search query. Let me compile the information about Ghana, which is the West African country that matches all your search criteria:\n\nBased on my search results, your query appears to be about **Ghana**, a West African country with a significant history involving:\n\n## The December 31 Coup\n\nJerry Rawlings took power through a military coup on December 31, 1981, overthrowing the elected government of President Hilla Limann. Rawlings claimed that civilian rule was weak and the country's economy was deteriorating. This became known as the \"December 31st revolution.\"\n\n## Military Rule to Democracy\n\nRawlings stayed in power for the next 20 years – first by the gun, and later by the ballot box. During the final years of the regime, the country began democratizing. In 1991, the Consultative Assembly was established by Rawlings and tasked with drafting a new constitution. The drafted 1992 Constitution, which included the clear separation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, were approved overwhelmingly by the electorate on April 28, 1992. On January 7, 1993, the new constitution finally came into effect, marking the end of the PNDC and the beginning of the Fourth Ghanaian Republic.\n\n## US-Style Presidential System\n\nThe Constitution of the fourth republic, promulgated in 1993, provided for a US style presidential system of government with an executive president elected for a four year term, renewable once. The 1992 Constitution provided for the greater freedom of the press and human rights guarantees, a similar executive branch to the US with the president being elected in four-year terms.\n\n## Agricultural Program\n\nOperation Feed Yourself was an agricultural program administered in Ghana under military general and head-of-state Ignatius Kutu Acheampong. This policy was initiated in February 1972 and remained until the end of Acheampong's regime in 1978. Operation Feed Yourself aimed to increase levels of food crops produced in Ghana for domestic consumption. Ideologically, the program was an attempt toward self-sufficiency.\n\nGhana's transition from military rule under Rawlings to a functioning democracy with a US-style presidential system has made it one of Africa's most liberal and vibrant democracies, with Freedom House designating Ghana as 'free' in 2022: one of a handful of Africa's 54 countries so described.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"title": "Coups in west Africa have five things in common: knowing what they are is key to defending democracy | Democracy in Africa",
"url": "https://democracyinafrica.org/coups-in-west-africa-have-five-things-in-common-knowing-what-they-are-is-key-to-defending-democracy/"
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"url": "https://onpolicy.org/military-coups-and-democratic-decay-in-west-africa-why-the-popular-support-for-these-coups/"
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"I found search results about recent military coups in West Africa, but I didn't find specific information about a \"December 31 coup\" with a US-style presidential system and agricultural program. Let me search more specifically for these details.",
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"url": "https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2023/04/20/jerry-john-rawlings-revolutionary-populism-and-democracy-in-ghana/"
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"url": "https://adst.org/2015/05/ghanas-populist-mystic-jerry-rawlings/"
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"url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Coup-of-1981"
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{
"title": "Jerry Rawlings - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings"
},
{
"title": "The complicated political legacy of Jerry Rawlings",
"url": "https://africasacountry.com/2019/05/the-complicated-political-legacy-of-jerry-rawlings"
},
{
"title": "The democratic hopes of Ghana’s Jerry John Rawlings",
"url": "https://theloop.ecpr.eu/the-democratic-hopes-of-ghanas-jerry-john-rawlings/"
},
{
"title": "Revolutionary populism and democracy in Ghana | The Journal of Modern African Studies | Cambridge Core",
"url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/revolutionary-populism-and-democracy-in-ghana/CF4C2546EFAF96DB62173629547D5A89"
},
{
"title": "Ghana’s Presidential Contest Shows Why Democracy Requires More Than Well-Run Elections | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
"url": "https://carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2024/12/ghana-election-democracy-challenges-lessons?lang=en"
},
{
"title": "Revisiting Jerry Rawlings and the December 31st revolution in Ghana 1982–1992 | Historikerbloggen",
"url": "https://blogs.abo.fi/historia/2021/11/17/revisiting-jerry-rawlings-and-the-december-31st-revolution-in-ghana-1982-1992/"
}
]
},
"Great! I found information about Ghana and Jerry Rawlings' December 31, 1981 coup. Now let me search for information about Ghana's agricultural program and the US-style presidential system that was eventually adopted.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01UB3MgEFC5oDQguygraQBT2",
"content": [
{
"title": "Constitutional history of Ghana | ConstitutionNet",
"url": "https://constitutionnet.org/country/ghana"
},
{
"title": "Constitution of Ghana - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Ghana"
},
{
"title": "The 1992 Constitution of the Fourth Republic of Ghana | BETTER GHANA DIGEST",
"url": "https://betterghanadigest.com/2019/06/03/ghanas-constitution/"
},
{
"title": "1992 Constitution of Ghana",
"url": "https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/gh/gh014en.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Ghana's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 1996",
"url": "https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/gha129754.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Ghana - THE FOURTH REPUBLIC",
"url": "https://countrystudies.us/ghana/100.htm"
},
{
"title": "Constitution in Ghana",
"url": "https://www.commonwealthgovernance.org/countries/africa/ghana/constitution/"
},
{
"title": "The Constitution Of The Republic Of Ghana 1992",
"url": "https://lawsghana.com/constitution/Republic/Ghana/1"
},
{
"title": "THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA CHAPTER ONE",
"url": "http://aanma.gov.gh/documents/1992 Constitution of Ghana.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Ghana's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 1996",
"url": "https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ghana_1996.pdf"
}
]
},
"Perfect! Now I need to search for information about Ghana's agricultural program, particularly if there's reference to something like \"Operation Feed Yourself\" that was mentioned in earlier results.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01Xk2sp8F37m4wYkG6Ntgo9s",
"content": [
{
"title": "Operation Feed Yourself - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Feed_Yourself"
},
{
"title": "Ghana's agricultural food policy. Operation feed yourself",
"url": "https://eurekamag.com/research/000/668/000668115.php"
},
{
"title": "Ghana's agricultural food policy: Operation feed yourself - ScienceDirect",
"url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0306919280900214"
},
{
"title": "Ghana’s economy and food security policies: Lessons from Operation Feed Yourself",
"url": "https://globalvoices.org/2024/03/11/ghanas-economy-and-food-security-policies-lessons-from-operation-feed-yourself/"
},
{
"title": "Ghana's \"Operation Feed Yourself\" Plan in 1972: A Lesson for Achieving SDG Goals | Agriculture Journalist",
"url": "https://agricjournalist.com/operation-feed-yourself/"
},
{
"title": "Mahama to launch a programme similar to the 'operation feed yourself' programme",
"url": "https://www.modernghana.com/news/1325913/mahama-to-launch-a-programme-similar-to-the-oper.html"
},
{
"title": "Ghana's agricultural food policy : Operation feed yourself",
"url": "https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jfpoli/v5y1980i1p14-25.html"
},
{
"title": "Operation Feed Yourself. Ghana’s experiment towards food self-sufficiency under Colonel Acheampong 1972-1978 | infoclio.ch",
"url": "https://www.infoclio.ch/en/operation-feed-yourself-ghana%E2%80%99s-experiment-towards-food-self-sufficiency-under-colonel-acheampong"
},
{
"title": "Mahama outlines key interventions under 'Feed Ghana' to transform Agriculture",
"url": "https://citinewsroom.com/2025/04/mahama-outlines-key-interventions-under-feed-ghana-to-transform-agriculture/"
},
{
"title": "Agric Minister Designate hints of ‘Operation feed yourself’ comeback | Ghana News Agency",
"url": "https://gna.org.gh/2025/01/agric-minister-designate-hints-of-operation-feed-yourself-comeback/"
}
]
},
"Excellent! I now have comprehensive information about your search query. Let me compile the information about Ghana, which is the West African country that matches all your search criteria:\n\nBased on my search results, your query appears to be about **Ghana**, a West African country with a significant history involving:\n\n## The December 31 Coup\n\nJerry Rawlings took power through a military coup on December 31, 1981, overthrowing the elected government of President Hilla Limann. Rawlings claimed that civilian rule was weak and the country's economy was deteriorating. This became known as the \"December 31st revolution.\"\n\n## Military Rule to Democracy\n\nRawlings stayed in power for the next 20 years – first by the gun, and later by the ballot box. During the final years of the regime, the country began democratizing. In 1991, the Consultative Assembly was established by Rawlings and tasked with drafting a new constitution. The drafted 1992 Constitution, which included the clear separation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, were approved overwhelmingly by the electorate on April 28, 1992. On January 7, 1993, the new constitution finally came into effect, marking the end of the PNDC and the beginning of the Fourth Ghanaian Republic.\n\n## US-Style Presidential System\n\nThe Constitution of the fourth republic, promulgated in 1993, provided for a US style presidential system of government with an executive president elected for a four year term, renewable once. The 1992 Constitution provided for the greater freedom of the press and human rights guarantees, a similar executive branch to the US with the president being elected in four-year terms.\n\n## Agricultural Program\n\nOperation Feed Yourself was an agricultural program administered in Ghana under military general and head-of-state Ignatius Kutu Acheampong. This policy was initiated in February 1972 and remained until the end of Acheampong's regime in 1978. Operation Feed Yourself aimed to increase levels of food crops produced in Ghana for domestic consumption. Ideologically, the program was an attempt toward self-sufficiency.\n\nGhana's transition from military rule under Rawlings to a functioning democracy with a US-style presidential system has made it one of Africa's most liberal and vibrant democracies, with Freedom House designating Ghana as 'free' in 2022: one of a handful of Africa's 54 countries so described."
],
"durationSeconds": 38.167050417
}
}
{
"type": "user",
"message": {
"role": "user",
"content": [
{
"tool_use_id": "toolu_01R64zrdRRWKEKi5mubWcd7U",
"type": "tool_result",
"content": "Web search results for query: \"West African cardiologist heart doctor military coups December 31 books\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Wouter Basson - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wouter_Basson\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Harold on History | Black History Month and Pioneering African American Physicians - American College of Cardiology\",\"url\":\"https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2018/02/13/14/42/harold-on-history-black-history-month-and-pioneering-african-american-physicians\"},{\"title\":\"For This African Doctor, Bringing Modern | GE HealthCare (United States)\",\"url\":\"https://www.gehealthcare.com/insights/article/for-this-african-doctor,-bringing-modern-cardiology-to-his-home-country-is-the-work-of-a-lifetime\"},{\"title\":\"Donald Ross (surgeon) - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Ross_(surgeon)\"},{\"title\":\"9 African American pioneers in medicine | American Heart Association\",\"url\":\"https://www.heart.org/en/news/2020/02/21/9-african-american-pioneers-in-medicine\"},{\"title\":\"Amegroups\",\"url\":\"https://cdn.amegroups.cn/journals/amepc/files/journals/2/articles/12181/public/12181-PB50-R5.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Cardiothoracic surgical experience in Ghana - Tettey - Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy\",\"url\":\"https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/11332/12794\"},{\"title\":\"TRT World - 1950 to 2023: Africa’s experiences with military coups\",\"url\":\"https://www.trtworld.com/article/14274232\"},{\"title\":\"Celebrating the Life of Nowamagbe Austin Omoiguil, MD | Association of Black Cardiologists\",\"url\":\"https://abcardio.org/celebrating-the-life-of-nowamagbe-omoigui/\"}]\n\nThe search results show information about various African and African American cardiologists and West African military coups, but I haven't found a specific connection to \"December 31\" and \"books\" yet. Let me search more specifically for this combination.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Jerry Rawlings - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry John Rawlings | Research Starters | EBSCO Research\",\"url\":\"https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/jerry-john-rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"About | J.J. Rawlings\",\"url\":\"https://jjrawlings.wordpress.com/about/\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry Rawlings | Family, Involvement in Coups & Cause of Death | Study.com\",\"url\":\"https://study.com/academy/lesson/jerry-rawlings-presidency-death.html\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry Rawlings, coup leader who ruled Ghana for 20 years, dies at 73 - The Washington Post\",\"url\":\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/jerry-rawlings-coup-leader-who-ruled-ghana-for-20-years-dies-at-73/2020/11/12/d8453a32-2504-11eb-a688-5298ad5d580a_story.html\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana’s Populist Mystic, Jerry Rawlings – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training\",\"url\":\"https://adst.org/2015/05/ghanas-populist-mystic-jerry-rawlings/\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry J. Rawlings | Biography & Facts | Britannica\",\"url\":\"https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jerry-J-Rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"History Rawlings\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/rawlings_era.php\"},{\"title\":\"The passing of Jerry John Rawlings\",\"url\":\"https://africasacountry.com/2020/11/the-passing-of-jerry-john-rawlings\"}]\n\nGood, I found information about Jerry Rawlings and his December 31, 1981 coup in Ghana. Now let me search more specifically about his connection to cardiology or heart medicine, and any books he may have written or been associated with.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"To Hell and Back: Life After Death Startling New Evidence by Maurice S. Rawlings | Goodreads\",\"url\":\"https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/300675\"},{\"title\":\"Dr Maurice Rawlings Explains Near Death Experiences - Dr Richard Kent - Free Christian Teaching\",\"url\":\"https://drrichardkent.org/books/the-final-frontier-ebook/dr-maurice-rawlings-explains-near-death-experiences/\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry Rawlings - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"Maurice S. Rawlings - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_S._Rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"To Hell and Back: Maurice Rawlings: 9780840767585: Amazon.com: Books\",\"url\":\"https://www.amazon.com/Hell-Back-Maurice-Rawlings/dp/0840767587\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry Rawlings, coup leader who ruled Ghana for 20 years, dies at 73 - The Washington Post\",\"url\":\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/jerry-rawlings-coup-leader-who-ruled-ghana-for-20-years-dies-at-73/2020/11/12/d8453a32-2504-11eb-a688-5298ad5d580a_story.html\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry I. Gliklich, MD, Cardiovascular Disease, New York, NY | CUIMC/Vivian & Seymour Milstein Family Heart Center\",\"url\":\"https://doctors.columbia.edu/us/ny/new-york/jerry-i-gliklich-md-173-fort-washington-avenue\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana: Former President Jerry ‘J.J.’ Rawlings Dies | The Burton Wire\",\"url\":\"https://theburtonwire.com/ghana-former-president-jerry-j-j-rawlings-dies/\"},{\"title\":\"\\\"A short illness?\\\" Why we deserve to know what kills our leaders | African Arguments\",\"url\":\"https://africanarguments.org/2021/04/a-short-illness-why-we-deserve-to-know-what-kills-our-leaders-rawlings/\"},{\"title\":\"Why did Maurice Rawlings report so many hellish NDEs? - Dancing Past the Dark ~ distressing near-death experiences\",\"url\":\"https://dancingpastthedark.com/why-maurice-rawlings-report-many-hellish-ndes/\"}]\n\nI found information about Maurice S. Rawlings, an American cardiologist who wrote books, but he's not West African. I also found information about Jerry Rawlings, the Ghanaian leader who led a coup on December 31, 1981, but he was not a cardiologist. Let me search more specifically to see if there's a connection I'm missing or a different person altogether.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"To Hell and Back: Maurice Rawlings: 9780840767585: Amazon.com: Books\",\"url\":\"https://www.amazon.com/Hell-Back-Maurice-Rawlings/dp/0840767587\"},{\"title\":\"Maurice S. Rawlings - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_S._Rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"To Hell and Back: Life After Death-- Startling New Evidence - Maurice S. Rawlings, Maurice Rawlings - Google Books\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.com/books/about/To_Hell_and_Back.html?id=4p-FNQAACAAJ\"},{\"title\":\"Beyond Death's Door by Maurice S. Rawlings | Goodreads\",\"url\":\"https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/91629.Beyond_Death_s_Door\"},{\"title\":\"To Hell and Back: Life After Death Startling New Evidence by Maurice S. Rawlings | Goodreads\",\"url\":\"https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/300675\"},{\"title\":\"Dr Maurice Rawlings Explains Near Death Experiences - Dr Richard Kent - Free Christian Teaching\",\"url\":\"https://drrichardkent.org/books/the-final-frontier-ebook/dr-maurice-rawlings-explains-near-death-experiences/\"},{\"title\":\"To Hell and Back - Maurice Rawlings - Google Books\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.com/books/about/To_Hell_and_Back.html?id=nbALAAAACAAJ\"},{\"title\":\"Book Review: To Hell and Back: Life After Death - Startling New Evidence - UNT Digital Library\",\"url\":\"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799305/\"},{\"title\":\"To Hell and Back: Maurice S. Rawlings M.D.: 9780840767585 - Christianbook.com\",\"url\":\"https://www.christianbook.com/to-hell-and-back/maurice-rawlings/9780840767585/pd/67587\"},{\"title\":\"To Hell and Back: Life After Death... book by Maurice S. Rawlings\",\"url\":\"https://www.thriftbooks.com/w/to-hell-and-back-life-after-death-startling-new-evidence_maurice-s-rawlings/252157/\"}]\n\nI see a reference in one of the search results to December 13th 1930 (about Carl Jung), but not December 31 in connection with Maurice Rawlings. The search query seems to be looking for a connection between all these elements. Let me try a different approach and see if there's a specific West African figure who was both a cardiologist and involved in December 31 coups.\n\nBased on my search results, I found information about two different \"Rawlings\" figures:\n\n1. **Jerry Rawlings - who led a second coup in Ghana on December 31, 1981**. He was a Ghanaian military officer, aviator, and politician, not a cardiologist. Rawlings died on 12 November 2020 at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, with some reports attributing his death to complications from COVID-19.\n\n2. **Maurice S. Rawlings (May 16, 1922 – January 5, 2010, Chattanooga, Tennessee) was an American cardiologist and author**. He is the author of Christian books on near-death experiences and served during World War II in the US Navy during the Korean War and in the US Army. He wrote many articles on heart disease for national medical journals and authored four books on Near Death Experiences: \"Beyond Death's Door\", \"To Hell and Back\", \"Life Wish: Reincarnation, Reality or Hoax?\" and \"Before Death Comes\".\n\nThese appear to be two entirely separate individuals - one was a West African military leader associated with a December 31 coup, and the other was an American cardiologist who wrote books. There doesn't appear to be a single person who combines all the search terms (West African, cardiologist, military coups, December 31, and books) based on the search results.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
}
]
},
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"session_id": "115b5097-12d9-4ade-98fb-9f43dd5d5ae9",
"uuid": "222e3805-eacb-49a9-b46f-7c9e67d799ce",
"tool_use_result": {
"query": "West African cardiologist heart doctor military coups December 31 books",
"results": [
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01CfFfEuzah7Kijk1zxoMWkh",
"content": [
{
"title": "Wouter Basson - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wouter_Basson"
},
{
"title": "Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng"
},
{
"title": "Harold on History | Black History Month and Pioneering African American Physicians - American College of Cardiology",
"url": "https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2018/02/13/14/42/harold-on-history-black-history-month-and-pioneering-african-american-physicians"
},
{
"title": "For This African Doctor, Bringing Modern | GE HealthCare (United States)",
"url": "https://www.gehealthcare.com/insights/article/for-this-african-doctor,-bringing-modern-cardiology-to-his-home-country-is-the-work-of-a-lifetime"
},
{
"title": "Donald Ross (surgeon) - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Ross_(surgeon)"
},
{
"title": "9 African American pioneers in medicine | American Heart Association",
"url": "https://www.heart.org/en/news/2020/02/21/9-african-american-pioneers-in-medicine"
},
{
"title": "Amegroups",
"url": "https://cdn.amegroups.cn/journals/amepc/files/journals/2/articles/12181/public/12181-PB50-R5.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Cardiothoracic surgical experience in Ghana - Tettey - Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy",
"url": "https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/11332/12794"
},
{
"title": "TRT World - 1950 to 2023: Africa’s experiences with military coups",
"url": "https://www.trtworld.com/article/14274232"
},
{
"title": "Celebrating the Life of Nowamagbe Austin Omoiguil, MD | Association of Black Cardiologists",
"url": "https://abcardio.org/celebrating-the-life-of-nowamagbe-omoigui/"
}
]
},
"The search results show information about various African and African American cardiologists and West African military coups, but I haven't found a specific connection to \"December 31\" and \"books\" yet. Let me search more specifically for this combination.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01UXAU4QQxLoGd3eDRSqCFq6",
"content": [
{
"title": "Jerry Rawlings - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings"
},
{
"title": "1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"
},
{
"title": "Jerry John Rawlings | Research Starters | EBSCO Research",
"url": "https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/jerry-john-rawlings"
},
{
"title": "About | J.J. Rawlings",
"url": "https://jjrawlings.wordpress.com/about/"
},
{
"title": "Jerry Rawlings | Family, Involvement in Coups & Cause of Death | Study.com",
"url": "https://study.com/academy/lesson/jerry-rawlings-presidency-death.html"
},
{
"title": "Jerry Rawlings, coup leader who ruled Ghana for 20 years, dies at 73 - The Washington Post",
"url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/jerry-rawlings-coup-leader-who-ruled-ghana-for-20-years-dies-at-73/2020/11/12/d8453a32-2504-11eb-a688-5298ad5d580a_story.html"
},
{
"title": "Ghana’s Populist Mystic, Jerry Rawlings – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training",
"url": "https://adst.org/2015/05/ghanas-populist-mystic-jerry-rawlings/"
},
{
"title": "Jerry J. Rawlings | Biography & Facts | Britannica",
"url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jerry-J-Rawlings"
},
{
"title": "History Rawlings",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/rawlings_era.php"
},
{
"title": "The passing of Jerry John Rawlings",
"url": "https://africasacountry.com/2020/11/the-passing-of-jerry-john-rawlings"
}
]
},
"Good, I found information about Jerry Rawlings and his December 31, 1981 coup in Ghana. Now let me search more specifically about his connection to cardiology or heart medicine, and any books he may have written or been associated with.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01Ub7fLdy178sx7j2TzmwYZG",
"content": [
{
"title": "To Hell and Back: Life After Death Startling New Evidence by Maurice S. Rawlings | Goodreads",
"url": "https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/300675"
},
{
"title": "Dr Maurice Rawlings Explains Near Death Experiences - Dr Richard Kent - Free Christian Teaching",
"url": "https://drrichardkent.org/books/the-final-frontier-ebook/dr-maurice-rawlings-explains-near-death-experiences/"
},
{
"title": "Jerry Rawlings - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings"
},
{
"title": "Maurice S. Rawlings - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_S._Rawlings"
},
{
"title": "To Hell and Back: Maurice Rawlings: 9780840767585: Amazon.com: Books",
"url": "https://www.amazon.com/Hell-Back-Maurice-Rawlings/dp/0840767587"
},
{
"title": "Jerry Rawlings, coup leader who ruled Ghana for 20 years, dies at 73 - The Washington Post",
"url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/jerry-rawlings-coup-leader-who-ruled-ghana-for-20-years-dies-at-73/2020/11/12/d8453a32-2504-11eb-a688-5298ad5d580a_story.html"
},
{
"title": "Jerry I. Gliklich, MD, Cardiovascular Disease, New York, NY | CUIMC/Vivian & Seymour Milstein Family Heart Center",
"url": "https://doctors.columbia.edu/us/ny/new-york/jerry-i-gliklich-md-173-fort-washington-avenue"
},
{
"title": "Ghana: Former President Jerry ‘J.J.’ Rawlings Dies | The Burton Wire",
"url": "https://theburtonwire.com/ghana-former-president-jerry-j-j-rawlings-dies/"
},
{
"title": "\"A short illness?\" Why we deserve to know what kills our leaders | African Arguments",
"url": "https://africanarguments.org/2021/04/a-short-illness-why-we-deserve-to-know-what-kills-our-leaders-rawlings/"
},
{
"title": "Why did Maurice Rawlings report so many hellish NDEs? - Dancing Past the Dark ~ distressing near-death experiences",
"url": "https://dancingpastthedark.com/why-maurice-rawlings-report-many-hellish-ndes/"
}
]
},
"I found information about Maurice S. Rawlings, an American cardiologist who wrote books, but he's not West African. I also found information about Jerry Rawlings, the Ghanaian leader who led a coup on December 31, 1981, but he was not a cardiologist. Let me search more specifically to see if there's a connection I'm missing or a different person altogether.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01Q4EnxjnhCncGKU1XkMsiay",
"content": [
{
"title": "To Hell and Back: Maurice Rawlings: 9780840767585: Amazon.com: Books",
"url": "https://www.amazon.com/Hell-Back-Maurice-Rawlings/dp/0840767587"
},
{
"title": "Maurice S. Rawlings - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_S._Rawlings"
},
{
"title": "To Hell and Back: Life After Death-- Startling New Evidence - Maurice S. Rawlings, Maurice Rawlings - Google Books",
"url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/To_Hell_and_Back.html?id=4p-FNQAACAAJ"
},
{
"title": "Beyond Death's Door by Maurice S. Rawlings | Goodreads",
"url": "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/91629.Beyond_Death_s_Door"
},
{
"title": "To Hell and Back: Life After Death Startling New Evidence by Maurice S. Rawlings | Goodreads",
"url": "https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/300675"
},
{
"title": "Dr Maurice Rawlings Explains Near Death Experiences - Dr Richard Kent - Free Christian Teaching",
"url": "https://drrichardkent.org/books/the-final-frontier-ebook/dr-maurice-rawlings-explains-near-death-experiences/"
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{
"title": "To Hell and Back - Maurice Rawlings - Google Books",
"url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/To_Hell_and_Back.html?id=nbALAAAACAAJ"
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{
"title": "Book Review: To Hell and Back: Life After Death - Startling New Evidence - UNT Digital Library",
"url": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799305/"
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{
"title": "To Hell and Back: Maurice S. Rawlings M.D.: 9780840767585 - Christianbook.com",
"url": "https://www.christianbook.com/to-hell-and-back/maurice-rawlings/9780840767585/pd/67587"
},
{
"title": "To Hell and Back: Life After Death... book by Maurice S. Rawlings",
"url": "https://www.thriftbooks.com/w/to-hell-and-back-life-after-death-startling-new-evidence_maurice-s-rawlings/252157/"
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"I see a reference in one of the search results to December 13th 1930 (about Carl Jung), but not December 31 in connection with Maurice Rawlings. The search query seems to be looking for a connection between all these elements. Let me try a different approach and see if there's a specific West African figure who was both a cardiologist and involved in December 31 coups.\n\nBased on my search results, I found information about two different \"Rawlings\" figures:\n\n1. **Jerry Rawlings - who led a second coup in Ghana on December 31, 1981**. He was a Ghanaian military officer, aviator, and politician, not a cardiologist. Rawlings died on 12 November 2020 at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, with some reports attributing his death to complications from COVID-19.\n\n2. **Maurice S. Rawlings (May 16, 1922 – January 5, 2010, Chattanooga, Tennessee) was an American cardiologist and author**. He is the author of Christian books on near-death experiences and served during World War II in the US Navy during the Korean War and in the US Army. He wrote many articles on heart disease for national medical journals and authored four books on Near Death Experiences: \"Beyond Death's Door\", \"To Hell and Back\", \"Life Wish: Reincarnation, Reality or Hoax?\" and \"Before Death Comes\".\n\nThese appear to be two entirely separate individuals - one was a West African military leader associated with a December 31 coup, and the other was an American cardiologist who wrote books. There doesn't appear to be a single person who combines all the search terms (West African, cardiologist, military coups, December 31, and books) based on the search results."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Ashby Commission\" \"University of Lagos\" 1959 1962 commerce business administration\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Accounting - University of Lagos\",\"url\":\"https://unilag.edu.ng/?page_id=2805\"},{\"title\":\"History of University Of Lagos aka UNILAG | AllNigeriaInfo\",\"url\":\"https://allnigeriainfo.ng/history-of-university-of-lagos-aka-unilag/\"},{\"title\":\"UNILAG Postgraduate (PG) Courses | University of Lagos Courses\",\"url\":\"https://ismyschool.net/UNILAG-postgraduate-courses/\"},{\"title\":\"www.unilag.edu.ng | University of Lagos : UNILAG\",\"url\":\"https://infoguidenigeria.com/tag/unilag-edu-ng/\"},{\"title\":\"University Of Lagos\",\"url\":\"https://www.manpower.com.ng/company/43/university-of-lagos\"},{\"title\":\"UNILAG: All You Need to Know About the University of Lagos\",\"url\":\"https://nigerianscholars.com/school-news/all-about-unilag/\"},{\"title\":\"The Dilemma of Post-Colonial Universities - The Demand for Higher Education and Employment Opportunities in Nigeria - IFRA-Nigeria\",\"url\":\"https://books.openedition.org/ifra/1024?lang=en\"},{\"title\":\"FACTS ABOUT UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS by………..Adewale Onagbesan. | aristokrathistoricalanalysis\",\"url\":\"https://aristokrathistoricalanalysis.wordpress.com/2015/07/08/facts-about-university-of-lagos-by-adewale-onagbesan/\"},{\"title\":\"UNILAG Departmental Cut-off Marks 2019/20 is Out - Check Here\",\"url\":\"https://unn-edu.info/2017/10/unilag-departmental-cut-off-marks.html\"},{\"title\":\"Higher Education in Nigeria and the Emergence of Private ...\",\"url\":\"https://www.ijern.com/journal/2015/February-2015/05.pdf\"}]\n\nI found several relevant results about the Ashby Commission, University of Lagos, and its focus on commerce and business administration. Here's what the search reveals:\n\n## Key Findings:\n\nThe Ashby Commission on \"Post-School Certificate and Higher Education\" appointed by the Federal Government in 1959, recommended, among other things, the establishment of a university in Lagos which would give special emphasis to \"School of Commerce and Business Administration\".(no content)The Ashby Commission report that was titled Investment in Education recommended the establishment of the University of Lagos, Lagos (the then Federal Capital), to offer day and evening courses in Commerce, Business Administration, Economics and Higher Management Studies.(no content)The first phase in the development of the university, the University of Lagos, began in October 1962, with the establishment of the Faculty of Business and Social Studies, the Faculty of Law and the Medical School.(no content)For its first academic session of 1962/1963 the university admitted 46 students in the faculty of Commerce and Business Administration and 26 students in the faculty of law.\n\nThe search results confirm that the Ashby Commission, established in May 1959, specifically recommended that the University of Lagos should focus on commerce and business administration education, and the university was subsequently established in 1962 with these programs as a central component of its mission.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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{
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{
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"url": "https://books.openedition.org/ifra/1024?lang=en"
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"title": "FACTS ABOUT UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS by………..Adewale Onagbesan. | aristokrathistoricalanalysis",
"url": "https://aristokrathistoricalanalysis.wordpress.com/2015/07/08/facts-about-university-of-lagos-by-adewale-onagbesan/"
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"url": "https://www.ijern.com/journal/2015/February-2015/05.pdf"
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"I found several relevant results about the Ashby Commission, University of Lagos, and its focus on commerce and business administration. Here's what the search reveals:\n\n## Key Findings:\n\nThe Ashby Commission on \"Post-School Certificate and Higher Education\" appointed by the Federal Government in 1959, recommended, among other things, the establishment of a university in Lagos which would give special emphasis to \"School of Commerce and Business Administration\".(no content)The Ashby Commission report that was titled Investment in Education recommended the establishment of the University of Lagos, Lagos (the then Federal Capital), to offer day and evening courses in Commerce, Business Administration, Economics and Higher Management Studies.(no content)The first phase in the development of the university, the University of Lagos, began in October 1962, with the establishment of the Faculty of Business and Social Studies, the Faculty of Law and the Medical School.(no content)For its first academic session of 1962/1963 the university admitted 46 students in the faculty of Commerce and Business Administration and 26 students in the faculty of law.\n\nThe search results confirm that the Ashby Commission, established in May 1959, specifically recommended that the University of Lagos should focus on commerce and business administration education, and the university was subsequently established in 1962 with these programs as a central component of its mission."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Ghana Fourth Republic 1992 democracy US presidential system dates\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Political history of Ghana - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_history_of_Ghana\"},{\"title\":\"Constitutional history of Ghana | ConstitutionNet\",\"url\":\"https://constitutionnet.org/country/ghana\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana - THE FOURTH REPUBLIC\",\"url\":\"https://countrystudies.us/ghana/100.htm\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana: Update on the Fourth Republic | Refworld\",\"url\":\"https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/irbc/1994/en/94127\"},{\"title\":\"Constitutional Democracy and the Fourth Republic | Refworld\",\"url\":\"https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/irbc/1992/en/20582\"},{\"title\":\"List of heads of state of Ghana - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ghana\"},{\"title\":\"Thirty years of the inception of the Fourth Republican Parliament of Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://www.parliament.gh/news?CO=194\"},{\"title\":\"Political History of Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/polit_hist.php\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/ghana.html\"},{\"title\":\"Fourth Republic\",\"url\":\"https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ghana/government.asp?menu_id2=0&s=b\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, here's the information about Ghana's Fourth Republic and its presidential system:\n\n## Ghana's Fourth Republic (1992-present)\n\nThe final draft constitution was unanimously approved by the people in a referendum on April 28, 1992.(no content)The Constitution, also known as the Constitution of the Fourth Republic, was promulgated in January 1993.(no content)The 4th Republic was inaugurated on January 7, 1993.(no content)The Constitution entered into force on January 7, 1993, to found the Fourth Republic, when Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings was inaugurated as President and members of Parliament swore their oaths of office.\n\n## Presidential System\n\nThe 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana provides the basic charter for the country's fourth attempt at republican democratic government since independence in 1957.(no content)The Constitution provides for an Executive President elected by universal adult suffrage for a term of four years and eligible for re-election for only one additional term.\n\nThe system was modeled after the United States presidential system, featuring separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with an executive president serving as both head of state and head of government.\n\n## Key Dates:\n- **April 28, 1992**: Constitutional referendum approved\n- **November 3, 1992**: Presidential elections held\n- **December 29, 1992**: Parliamentary elections held\n- **January 7, 1993**: Fourth Republic inaugurated; constitution entered into force\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"title": "Political history of Ghana - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_history_of_Ghana"
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"url": "https://constitutionnet.org/country/ghana"
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"url": "https://countrystudies.us/ghana/100.htm"
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{
"title": "List of heads of state of Ghana - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ghana"
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{
"title": "Thirty years of the inception of the Fourth Republican Parliament of Ghana",
"url": "https://www.parliament.gh/news?CO=194"
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{
"title": "Political History of Ghana",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/polit_hist.php"
},
{
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"url": "https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/ghana.html"
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{
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"url": "https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ghana/government.asp?menu_id2=0&s=b"
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"Based on the search results, here's the information about Ghana's Fourth Republic and its presidential system:\n\n## Ghana's Fourth Republic (1992-present)\n\nThe final draft constitution was unanimously approved by the people in a referendum on April 28, 1992.(no content)The Constitution, also known as the Constitution of the Fourth Republic, was promulgated in January 1993.(no content)The 4th Republic was inaugurated on January 7, 1993.(no content)The Constitution entered into force on January 7, 1993, to found the Fourth Republic, when Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings was inaugurated as President and members of Parliament swore their oaths of office.\n\n## Presidential System\n\nThe 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana provides the basic charter for the country's fourth attempt at republican democratic government since independence in 1957.(no content)The Constitution provides for an Executive President elected by universal adult suffrage for a term of four years and eligible for re-election for only one additional term.\n\nThe system was modeled after the United States presidential system, featuring separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with an executive president serving as both head of state and head of government.\n\n## Key Dates:\n- **April 28, 1992**: Constitutional referendum approved\n- **November 3, 1992**: Presidential elections held\n- **December 29, 1992**: Parliamentary elections held\n- **January 7, 1993**: Fourth Republic inaugurated; constitution entered into force"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Ghana December 31 1981 coup Jerry Rawlings overthrew Hilla Limann\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Jerry Rawlings - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"Today in History: Hilla Limann overthrown by Rawlings in a coup on New Year’s Eve\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Today-in-History-Hilla-Limann-overthrown-by-Rawlings-in-a-coup-on-New-Year-s-Eve-1144217\"},{\"title\":\"1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry J. Rawlings | Biography & Facts | Britannica\",\"url\":\"https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jerry-J-Rawlings\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry John Rawlings, revolutionary populism, and democracy in Ghana - Africa at LSE\",\"url\":\"https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2023/04/20/jerry-john-rawlings-revolutionary-populism-and-democracy-in-ghana/\"},{\"title\":\"I could not avoid 1981 coup – Rawlings justifies overthrow of Limann\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-could-not-avoid-1981-coup-Rawlings-justifies-overthrow-of-Limann-752330\"},{\"title\":\"June 4th revolution in Ghana - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_4th_revolution_in_Ghana\"},{\"title\":\"Hilla Limann Overthrown in a Coup on New Year's Eve -\",\"url\":\"https://ghanaianmuseum.com/hilla-limann-overthrown-in-a-coup-on-31-december-1981-by-jerry-john-rawlings/\"},{\"title\":\"The Rise of Rawlings: From Failed Coup to Ghana’s Political Icon\",\"url\":\"https://www.theafricareport.com/390442/jerry-john-rawlings-from-a-failed-coup-to-ghanas-junior-jesus/\"},{\"title\":\"Throwback: Rawlings marks 1981 coup with powerful warrior dance\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Throwback-Rawlings-marks-1981-coup-with-powerful-warrior-dance-1988719\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, here's what I found about the December 31, 1981 coup in Ghana:\n\n## The 1981 Ghanaian Coup\n\nOn December 31, 1981, Jerry Rawlings ousted President Hilla Limann in a coup d'état, claiming that civilian rule was weak and the country's economy was deteriorating.\n\n### Background\n\nRawlings had previously yielded power to a freely elected civilian president, Hilla Limann, who promptly retired Rawlings from the air force. This came after Rawlings' first coup in June 1979, when he led the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) for 112 days before handing over to the civilian government.\n\n### Reasons for the Coup\n\nBelieving the Limann regime to be unable to resolve Ghana's neocolonial economic dependency, Jerry John Rawlings led a second coup against Hilla Limann and indicted the entire political class on 31 December 1981.(no content)By December 1981, conditions had deteriorated to the point that many Ghanaians saw echoes of the pre-June 1979 crisis. Rawlings and a new cadre of radicals seized the moment. On the night of 31 December, he led a second coup, ousting Limann after just 28 months in office.\n\n### Aftermath\n\nIn place of Limann's People's National Party, Rawlings established the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) military junta as the official government.(no content)Jerry John Rawlings led the country from 1981 to 2001. He led a military regime until 1993 and then served two terms as the democratically elected president of Ghana. He was the longest-serving leader in Ghana's history, presiding over the country for 19 years.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Today-in-History-Hilla-Limann-overthrown-by-Rawlings-in-a-coup-on-New-Year-s-Eve-1144217"
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"title": "1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia",
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},
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"title": "Jerry J. Rawlings | Biography & Facts | Britannica",
"url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jerry-J-Rawlings"
},
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"title": "Jerry John Rawlings, revolutionary populism, and democracy in Ghana - Africa at LSE",
"url": "https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2023/04/20/jerry-john-rawlings-revolutionary-populism-and-democracy-in-ghana/"
},
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"title": "I could not avoid 1981 coup – Rawlings justifies overthrow of Limann",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-could-not-avoid-1981-coup-Rawlings-justifies-overthrow-of-Limann-752330"
},
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_4th_revolution_in_Ghana"
},
{
"title": "Hilla Limann Overthrown in a Coup on New Year's Eve -",
"url": "https://ghanaianmuseum.com/hilla-limann-overthrown-in-a-coup-on-31-december-1981-by-jerry-john-rawlings/"
},
{
"title": "The Rise of Rawlings: From Failed Coup to Ghana’s Political Icon",
"url": "https://www.theafricareport.com/390442/jerry-john-rawlings-from-a-failed-coup-to-ghanas-junior-jesus/"
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{
"title": "Throwback: Rawlings marks 1981 coup with powerful warrior dance",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Throwback-Rawlings-marks-1981-coup-with-powerful-warrior-dance-1988719"
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"Based on the search results, here's what I found about the December 31, 1981 coup in Ghana:\n\n## The 1981 Ghanaian Coup\n\nOn December 31, 1981, Jerry Rawlings ousted President Hilla Limann in a coup d'état, claiming that civilian rule was weak and the country's economy was deteriorating.\n\n### Background\n\nRawlings had previously yielded power to a freely elected civilian president, Hilla Limann, who promptly retired Rawlings from the air force. This came after Rawlings' first coup in June 1979, when he led the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) for 112 days before handing over to the civilian government.\n\n### Reasons for the Coup\n\nBelieving the Limann regime to be unable to resolve Ghana's neocolonial economic dependency, Jerry John Rawlings led a second coup against Hilla Limann and indicted the entire political class on 31 December 1981.(no content)By December 1981, conditions had deteriorated to the point that many Ghanaians saw echoes of the pre-June 1979 crisis. Rawlings and a new cadre of radicals seized the moment. On the night of 31 December, he led a second coup, ousting Limann after just 28 months in office.\n\n### Aftermath\n\nIn place of Limann's People's National Party, Rawlings established the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) military junta as the official government.(no content)Jerry John Rawlings led the country from 1981 to 2001. He led a military regime until 1993 and then served two terms as the democratically elected president of Ghana. He was the longest-serving leader in Ghana's history, presiding over the country for 19 years."
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"text": "## Summary of Findings\n\n**University Name:** University of Lagos (UNILAG)\n\n**City and Country:** Lagos, Nigeria (Lagos was the Federal Capital at the time of founding)\n\n**Founding Circumstances:**\n- **Date Founded:** October 22, 1962\n- **Official Body:** The Ashby Commission (officially the \"Commission on Post-School Certificate and Higher Education in Nigeria\"), established by the Federal Government in May 1959\n- **Recommendation:** The Ashby Commission's report, titled \"Investment in Education,\" specifically recommended establishing a new university in Lagos to offer day and evening courses in Commerce, Business Administration, Economics, and Higher Management Studies\n- **Implementation:** A UNESCO Advisory Commission was assigned in 1961 to handle detailed planning, though they modified the vision from a non-residential business-district institution to a traditional residential university campus\n- **Establishment:** The University of Lagos Act of 1962 formally established the university\n\n**Connection to Commerce Studies:**\n- The Ashby Commission specifically emphasized establishing a \"School of Commerce and Business Administration\"\n- For the first academic session (1962/1963), the university admitted 46 students to the Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration and 26 to the Faculty of Law\n- The Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration later changed its name to the Faculty of Business and Social Studies\n- Commerce and business education was central to the university's founding mission\n\n**Geographic Context:** Lagos is a major coastal city in Nigeria, West Africa, making it perfectly aligned with the search criteria.\n\n**Sources:**\n- [University of Lagos - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Lagos)\n- [About Us – University of Lagos](https://unilag.edu.ng/about-us/)\n- [University of Lagos (1962- ) | BlackPast.org](https://blackpast.org/global-african-history/university-lagos-1962/)\n- [History of University Of Lagos aka UNILAG | AllNigeriaInfo](https://allnigeriainfo.ng/history-of-university-of-lagos-aka-unilag/)\n- [FACTS ABOUT UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS](https://aristokrathistoricalanalysis.wordpress.com/2015/07/08/facts-about-university-of-lagos-by-adewale-onagbesan/)"
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"text": "## Summary of Findings\n\n**University Name:** University of Lagos (UNILAG)\n\n**City and Country:** Lagos, Nigeria (Lagos was the Federal Capital at the time of founding)\n\n**Founding Circumstances:**\n- **Date Founded:** October 22, 1962\n- **Official Body:** The Ashby Commission (officially the \"Commission on Post-School Certificate and Higher Education in Nigeria\"), established by the Federal Government in May 1959\n- **Recommendation:** The Ashby Commission's report, titled \"Investment in Education,\" specifically recommended establishing a new university in Lagos to offer day and evening courses in Commerce, Business Administration, Economics, and Higher Management Studies\n- **Implementation:** A UNESCO Advisory Commission was assigned in 1961 to handle detailed planning, though they modified the vision from a non-residential business-district institution to a traditional residential university campus\n- **Establishment:** The University of Lagos Act of 1962 formally established the university\n\n**Connection to Commerce Studies:**\n- The Ashby Commission specifically emphasized establishing a \"School of Commerce and Business Administration\"\n- For the first academic session (1962/1963), the university admitted 46 students to the Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration and 26 to the Faculty of Law\n- The Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration later changed its name to the Faculty of Business and Social Studies\n- Commerce and business education was central to the university's founding mission\n\n**Geographic Context:** Lagos is a major coastal city in Nigeria, West Africa, making it perfectly aligned with the search criteria.\n\n**Sources:**\n- [University of Lagos - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Lagos)\n- [About Us – University of Lagos](https://unilag.edu.ng/about-us/)\n- [University of Lagos (1962- ) | BlackPast.org](https://blackpast.org/global-african-history/university-lagos-1962/)\n- [History of University Of Lagos aka UNILAG | AllNigeriaInfo](https://allnigeriainfo.ng/history-of-university-of-lagos-aka-unilag/)\n- [FACTS ABOUT UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS](https://aristokrathistoricalanalysis.wordpress.com/2015/07/08/facts-about-university-of-lagos-by-adewale-onagbesan/)"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Operation Feed Yourself Ghana Acheampong agricultural program\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Operation Feed Yourself - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Feed_Yourself\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana’s economy and food security policies: Lessons from Operation Feed Yourself\",\"url\":\"https://globalvoices.org/2024/03/11/ghanas-economy-and-food-security-policies-lessons-from-operation-feed-yourself/\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's \\\"Operation Feed Yourself\\\" Plan in 1972: A Lesson for Achieving SDG Goals | Agriculture Journalist\",\"url\":\"https://agricjournalist.com/operation-feed-yourself/\"},{\"title\":\"Operation Feed Yourself. Ghana’s experiment towards food self-sufficiency under Colonel Acheampong 1972-1978 | infoclio.ch\",\"url\":\"https://www.infoclio.ch/en/operation-feed-yourself-ghana%E2%80%99s-experiment-towards-food-self-sufficiency-under-colonel-acheampong\"},{\"title\":\"Mahama to launch a programme similar to the 'operation feed yourself' programme\",\"url\":\"https://www.modernghana.com/news/1325913/mahama-to-launch-a-programme-similar-to-the-oper.html\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's agricultural food policy: Operation feed yourself - ScienceDirect\",\"url\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0306919280900214\"},{\"title\":\"Sankofa Series: Here is why I.K. Acheampong implemented Operation Feed Yourself in 1972\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Sankofa-Series-Here-is-why-I-K-Acheampong-implemented-Operation-Feed-Yourself-in-1972-1921232\"},{\"title\":\"Operation Feed Yourself | owlapps\",\"url\":\"http://next.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=59973492&lang=en\"},{\"title\":\"Class Media Group initiates ‘Operation Feed Yourself’ campaign – Ghana News Online\",\"url\":\"https://ghananewsonline.com.gh/class-media-group-initiates-operation-feed-yourself-campaign/\"},{\"title\":\"CMG revives 'Operation Feed Yourself', urges Ghanaians ...\",\"url\":\"https://atinkaonline.com/cmg-revives-operation-feed-yourself-urges-ghanaians-to-farm-for-food/\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, here's information about Operation Feed Yourself, Ghana's agricultural program under Acheampong:\n\n## Overview\n\nOperation Feed Yourself was an agricultural program administered in Ghana under military general and head-of-state Ignatius Kutu Acheampong. This policy was initiated in February 1972 and remained until the end of Acheampong's regime in 1978.\n\n## Goals and Objectives\n\nOperation Feed Yourself aimed to increase levels of food crops produced in Ghana for domestic consumption. Ideologically, the program was an attempt toward self-sufficiency.(no content)The aim was to make Ghana self-sufficient in food supply in order to break with the colonial past and correct the \"image of a beggar nation\".(no content)The program's first \"Five Year Plan\" set as a goal of 6% annual growth in agricultural output.\n\n## Implementation Strategies\n\nOperation Feed Yourself divided Ghana's territory into 9 zones and assigned to each zone the production of the crops most profitably grown there.(no content)The government employed programming and propaganda on television and radio promoting agriculture. Additionally, the government employed its ties with institutions such as universities, the military, and prisons to encourage the creation of agricultural production units within each.(no content)The government subsidized the price of seeds and fertilizers, as well as farming tools such as hoes and cutlasses.(no content)Taxes on the importation of agricultural machinery were eliminated.\n\n## Results\n\nUltimately, Operation Feed Yourself failed to improve domestic food conditions in Ghana as local food crops remained scarce and price levels on these remained high.(no content)The program was deemed a failure because of various factors, including growing public dissatisfaction, a decline in the targeted acreage planted, persistent high prices of domestic food products, and a surge in Ghana's budget deficit from 190 million cedis in 1972 to 807 million cedis in 1977.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"title": "Operation Feed Yourself. Ghana’s experiment towards food self-sufficiency under Colonel Acheampong 1972-1978 | infoclio.ch",
"url": "https://www.infoclio.ch/en/operation-feed-yourself-ghana%E2%80%99s-experiment-towards-food-self-sufficiency-under-colonel-acheampong"
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"title": "Mahama to launch a programme similar to the 'operation feed yourself' programme",
"url": "https://www.modernghana.com/news/1325913/mahama-to-launch-a-programme-similar-to-the-oper.html"
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"title": "Sankofa Series: Here is why I.K. Acheampong implemented Operation Feed Yourself in 1972",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Sankofa-Series-Here-is-why-I-K-Acheampong-implemented-Operation-Feed-Yourself-in-1972-1921232"
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"url": "https://atinkaonline.com/cmg-revives-operation-feed-yourself-urges-ghanaians-to-farm-for-food/"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Ignatius Kutu Acheampong overthrown coup 1978 Ghana\"\n\nWeb search error: unavailable\n\nI apologize, but I'm unable to perform the web search at the moment due to a technical issue with the search tool. \n\nHowever, I can share from my existing knowledge that Ignatius Kutu Acheampong was a Ghanaian military ruler who led Ghana from 1972 to 1978. He came to power through a coup d'état in January 1972, overthrowing the government of Kofi Busia. His regime faced increasing criticism over economic mismanagement and corruption. In July 1978, he was overthrown in a palace coup led by his own deputy, Lieutenant General Frederick Akuffo. Acheampong was later executed in 1979 following another coup led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings.\n\nWould you like me to try the search again, or is there something specific about this historical event you'd like to know?\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"I apologize, but I'm unable to perform the web search at the moment due to a technical issue with the search tool. \n\nHowever, I can share from my existing knowledge that Ignatius Kutu Acheampong was a Ghanaian military ruler who led Ghana from 1972 to 1978. He came to power through a coup d'état in January 1972, overthrowing the government of Kofi Busia. His regime faced increasing criticism over economic mismanagement and corruption. In July 1978, he was overthrown in a palace coup led by his own deputy, Lieutenant General Frederick Akuffo. Acheampong was later executed in 1979 following another coup led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings.\n\nWould you like me to try the search again, or is there something specific about this historical event you'd like to know?"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Ghana December 31 coup cardiologist doctor wrote book about military takeover\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Coup of 1981 | history of Ghana | Britannica\",\"url\":\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Coup-of-1981\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana - Rawlings Coup\",\"url\":\"https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/ghana-coup.htm\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's Political Turmoil: The military coups between 1966 and 1981 | GhanaRemembers\",\"url\":\"https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/history/ghanas-era-of-turbulence-the-military-coups-between-1966-and-1981.html\"},{\"title\":\"1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"1966 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"History of Ghana (1966–1979) - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana_(1966–1979)\"},{\"title\":\"1 MILITARY COUPS IN GHANA, 1969-1985; A BY-PRODUCT\",\"url\":\"https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:351303/FULLTEXT01.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"The coup that set Ghana and Africa 50 years back | Pambazuka News\",\"url\":\"https://www.pambazuka.org/governance/coup-set-ghana-and-africa-50-years-back\"},{\"title\":\"Victoria Brittain, Ghana’s Precarious Revolution, NLR I/140, July–August 1983\",\"url\":\"https://newleftreview.org/issues/i140/articles/victoria-brittain-ghana-s-precarious-revolution.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Historical Documents - Office of the Historian\",\"url\":\"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v24/d257\"}]\n\nI found information about Ghana's December 31 coup (in 1981), but I don't see any mention of a cardiologist or doctor who wrote a book about the takeover in these results. Let me search more specifically for that information.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Coup of 1981 | history of Ghana | Britannica\",\"url\":\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Coup-of-1981\"},{\"title\":\"Victoria Brittain, Ghana’s Precarious Revolution, NLR I/140, July–August 1983\",\"url\":\"https://newleftreview.org/issues/i140/articles/victoria-brittain-ghana-s-precarious-revolution.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana Coup 1981\",\"url\":\"https://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr80/fghana1981.htm\"},{\"title\":\"1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana - Rawlings Coup\",\"url\":\"https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/ghana-coup.htm\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's Political Turmoil: The military coups between 1966 and 1981 | GhanaRemembers\",\"url\":\"https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/history/ghanas-era-of-turbulence-the-military-coups-between-1966-and-1981.html\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana The 1981 Coup and the Second Rawlings Government - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System\",\"url\":\"https://photius.com/countries/ghana/national_security/ghana_national_security_the_1981_coup_and_th~152.html\"},{\"title\":\"Jerry John Rawlings Biography: Education, Revolution, Family, Cause of Death | LifeNote\",\"url\":\"https://lifenote.com.ng/jerry-john-rawlings-biography/\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana’s Populist Mystic, Jerry Rawlings – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training\",\"url\":\"https://adst.org/2015/05/ghanas-populist-mystic-jerry-rawlings/\"},{\"title\":\"31 December 1981: How the \\\"IMF baby\\\" betrayed its parents | Pambazuka News\",\"url\":\"https://www.pambazuka.org/governance/31-december-1981-how-imf-baby-betrayed-its-parents\"}]\n\nI still haven't found information about a cardiologist who wrote a book about the coup. Let me try a different search approach.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"The Fortune Teller's Prophecy: A Memoir of an Unlikely Doctor by Lally Pia | Goodreads\",\"url\":\"https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/181355849\"},{\"title\":\"The Fortune Teller's Prophecy | Book by Lally Pia | Official Publisher Page | Simon & Schuster\",\"url\":\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Fortune-Tellers-Prophecy/Lally-Pia/9781647427115\"},{\"title\":\"The Fortune Teller's Prophecy | Lally Pia MD\",\"url\":\"https://www.lallypia.com/the-fortune-teller-s-prophecy\"},{\"title\":\"The Fortune Teller's Prophecy: A Memoir of an Unlikely Doctor by Lally Pia, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®\",\"url\":\"https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-fortune-tellers-prophecy-lally-pia/1143708282\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana's Former President Mahama Launches Russian Language Version of his Political Memoir - Modern Diplomacy\",\"url\":\"https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2024/07/11/ghanas-former-president-mahama-launches-russian-language-version-of-his-political-memoir/\"},{\"title\":\"Victoria Brittain, Ghana’s Precarious Revolution, NLR I/140, July–August 1983\",\"url\":\"https://newleftreview.org/issues/i140/articles/victoria-brittain-ghana-s-precarious-revolution.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Against the Odds: Rawlings and Radical Change in Ghana - ROAPE\",\"url\":\"https://roape.net/2016/12/01/odds-rawlings-radical-change-ghana/\"},{\"title\":\"<i>My First Coup d'État</i> by John Dramani Mahama (review)\",\"url\":\"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/536453/summary\"},{\"title\":\"Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah\"},{\"title\":\"Medical Professional Memoirs (137 books)\",\"url\":\"https://www.goodreads.com/list/show/154271.Medical_Professional_Memoirs\"}]\n\nGood! I found that Dr. Lally Pia wrote a book mentioning a coup in Ghana, though she's a psychiatrist, not a cardiologist. Let me search more specifically for a cardiologist who wrote about the December 31, 1981 coup.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Sandeep Jauhar - Sandeep Jauhar\",\"url\":\"https://sandeepjauhar.com/\"},{\"title\":\"Circulation Journal doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-22-0134\",\"url\":\"https://xadxyylib.yuntsg.com/ueditor/jsp/upload/file/20240322/1711076013833061039.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Life in the Balance: A Physician's Memoir of Life, Love, and Loss with Parkinson's Disease and Dementia by Thomas Graboys MD | Goodreads\",\"url\":\"https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2191362.Life_in_the_Balance\"},{\"title\":\"Best Cardiologists in Ghana – Find Reviews, Book Appointments - Africa Infoline\",\"url\":\"https://africainfoline.com/listing/doctors/cardiologist/ghana/best-cardiologists-in-ghana-find-reviews-book-appointments/\"},{\"title\":\"The Heart Speaks: A Cardiologist Reveals the Secret Language of Healing: Guarneri M.D. FACC, Mimi: 9780743273121: Amazon.com: Books\",\"url\":\"https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Speaks-Cardiologist-Reveals-Language/dp/0743273125\"},{\"title\":\"Committee and Staff Biographies - Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World - NCBI Bookshelf\",\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK45692/\"},{\"title\":\"Book review of Heart: A History by Sandeep Jauhar - The Washington Post\",\"url\":\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/a-cardiologist-on-matters-of-the-heart/2018/11/08/cece37ba-a572-11e8-97ce-cc9042272f07_story.html\"},{\"title\":\"An unquiet life. Memoirs of a physician and cardiologist - PMC\",\"url\":\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2448268/\"},{\"title\":\"Obituary content by year - Wits University\",\"url\":\"https://www.wits.ac.za/alumni/obituaries/obituary-content-by-year/\"},{\"title\":\"Cardiothoracic surgical experience in Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://cdn.amegroups.cn/journals/amepc/files/journals/2/articles/11332/public/11332-PB1-R2.pdf\"}]\n\nI found information about Dr. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, a cardiothoracic surgeon from Ghana, but still haven't found a specific connection to a book about the December 31, 1981 coup. Let me search more specifically.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Amazon.com: Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Books\",\"url\":\"https://www.amazon.com/Books-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng/s?rh=n:283155,p_27:Kwabena%2BFrimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng writes: My Kwame Nkrumah - Graphic Online\",\"url\":\"https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-writes-my-kwame-nkrumah.html\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Frimpong-Boateng writes: My Nkrumah\",\"url\":\"https://metrotvonline.com/prof-frimpong-boateng-writes-my-nkrumah/\"},{\"title\":\"<i>My First Coup d'État</i> by John Dramani Mahama (review)\",\"url\":\"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/536453/summary\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng Speaks - AFRICAWATCH | PDF | Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://www.scribd.com/document/678928798/Prof-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-Speaks-AFRICAWATCH\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: My Kwame Nkrumah - MyJoyOnline\",\"url\":\"https://www.myjoyonline.com/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-my-kwame-nkrumah/\"},{\"title\":\"Amazon.com: My First Coup d'Etat: And Other True Stories from the Lost Decades of Africa: 9781608198597: Mahama, John Dramani: Books\",\"url\":\"https://www.amazon.com/My-First-Coup-dEtat-Stories/dp/1608198596\"},{\"title\":\"Books in Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/bookshop/cat.php?CAT=8\"},{\"title\":\"[Full text] Prof. Frimpong Boateng report on work of IMCIM and the way forward\",\"url\":\"https://www.modernghana.com/news/1226663/report-on-the-work-of-the-imcim-so-far-and-the.html\"},{\"title\":\"Who is Prof Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng outside of politics, galamsey?\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Who-is-Prof-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-outside-of-politics-galamsey-1757132\"}]\n\nGood! I found Professor Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng is a cardiothoracic surgeon (which includes cardiology). Now let me search specifically for any book he wrote about the 1981 coup.\n\nNo links found.\n\nBased on my web search, I found information about Ghana's December 31 coup and several related topics, but I need to provide you with what I discovered:\n\n## Search Results Summary\n\nThe December 31, 1981 coup in Ghana was led by Air Force Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings, who overthrew the administration of President Hilla Limann and established the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC).\n\nRegarding the specific query about a cardiologist who wrote a book about this military takeover, I found:\n\n1. **Dr. Lally Pia** - A medical school student in Ghana when a military coup closed her medical school, though she became a child psychiatrist, not a cardiologist. She wrote \"The Fortune Teller's Prophecy: A Memoir of an Unlikely Doctor.\"\n\n2. **Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng** - A Ghanaian physician and cardiothoracic surgeon who is prominent in Ghana. However, I did not find evidence in the search results of him writing a specific book about the December 31, 1981 coup.\n\n3. **John Dramani Mahama** - Launched \"My First Coup d'État: Memories from the Lost Decades of Africa,\" a memoir published by Bloomsbury in July 2012, though he is a politician/historian, not a cardiologist.\n\nI was unable to find specific information about a cardiologist who wrote a book specifically about the Ghana December 31, 1981 military takeover. If you have additional details about this person or book, that would help me conduct a more targeted search.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
}
]
},
"parent_tool_use_id": "toolu_015nFJcbZ5GcZZC3NDdVw9bd",
"session_id": "115b5097-12d9-4ade-98fb-9f43dd5d5ae9",
"uuid": "bf874fd7-9723-4944-a076-31ad4578b7ee",
"tool_use_result": {
"query": "Ghana December 31 coup cardiologist doctor wrote book about military takeover",
"results": [
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01Lv5KrhqKiT1LPQCz9qSy8S",
"content": [
{
"title": "Coup of 1981 | history of Ghana | Britannica",
"url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Coup-of-1981"
},
{
"title": "Ghana - Rawlings Coup",
"url": "https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/ghana-coup.htm"
},
{
"title": "Ghana's Political Turmoil: The military coups between 1966 and 1981 | GhanaRemembers",
"url": "https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/history/ghanas-era-of-turbulence-the-military-coups-between-1966-and-1981.html"
},
{
"title": "1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"
},
{
"title": "1966 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"
},
{
"title": "History of Ghana (1966–1979) - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana_(1966–1979)"
},
{
"title": "1 MILITARY COUPS IN GHANA, 1969-1985; A BY-PRODUCT",
"url": "https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:351303/FULLTEXT01.pdf"
},
{
"title": "The coup that set Ghana and Africa 50 years back | Pambazuka News",
"url": "https://www.pambazuka.org/governance/coup-set-ghana-and-africa-50-years-back"
},
{
"title": "Victoria Brittain, Ghana’s Precarious Revolution, NLR I/140, July–August 1983",
"url": "https://newleftreview.org/issues/i140/articles/victoria-brittain-ghana-s-precarious-revolution.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Historical Documents - Office of the Historian",
"url": "https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v24/d257"
}
]
},
"I found information about Ghana's December 31 coup (in 1981), but I don't see any mention of a cardiologist or doctor who wrote a book about the takeover in these results. Let me search more specifically for that information.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01FHmgExtBPNjYBiqPoygCgG",
"content": [
{
"title": "Coup of 1981 | history of Ghana | Britannica",
"url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Coup-of-1981"
},
{
"title": "Victoria Brittain, Ghana’s Precarious Revolution, NLR I/140, July–August 1983",
"url": "https://newleftreview.org/issues/i140/articles/victoria-brittain-ghana-s-precarious-revolution.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Ghana Coup 1981",
"url": "https://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr80/fghana1981.htm"
},
{
"title": "1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"
},
{
"title": "Ghana - Rawlings Coup",
"url": "https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/ghana-coup.htm"
},
{
"title": "Ghana's Political Turmoil: The military coups between 1966 and 1981 | GhanaRemembers",
"url": "https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/history/ghanas-era-of-turbulence-the-military-coups-between-1966-and-1981.html"
},
{
"title": "Ghana The 1981 Coup and the Second Rawlings Government - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System",
"url": "https://photius.com/countries/ghana/national_security/ghana_national_security_the_1981_coup_and_th~152.html"
},
{
"title": "Jerry John Rawlings Biography: Education, Revolution, Family, Cause of Death | LifeNote",
"url": "https://lifenote.com.ng/jerry-john-rawlings-biography/"
},
{
"title": "Ghana’s Populist Mystic, Jerry Rawlings – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training",
"url": "https://adst.org/2015/05/ghanas-populist-mystic-jerry-rawlings/"
},
{
"title": "31 December 1981: How the \"IMF baby\" betrayed its parents | Pambazuka News",
"url": "https://www.pambazuka.org/governance/31-december-1981-how-imf-baby-betrayed-its-parents"
}
]
},
"I still haven't found information about a cardiologist who wrote a book about the coup. Let me try a different search approach.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_019w16VJdnSTjGjFGnYPCQbT",
"content": [
{
"title": "The Fortune Teller's Prophecy: A Memoir of an Unlikely Doctor by Lally Pia | Goodreads",
"url": "https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/181355849"
},
{
"title": "The Fortune Teller's Prophecy | Book by Lally Pia | Official Publisher Page | Simon & Schuster",
"url": "https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Fortune-Tellers-Prophecy/Lally-Pia/9781647427115"
},
{
"title": "The Fortune Teller's Prophecy | Lally Pia MD",
"url": "https://www.lallypia.com/the-fortune-teller-s-prophecy"
},
{
"title": "The Fortune Teller's Prophecy: A Memoir of an Unlikely Doctor by Lally Pia, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®",
"url": "https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-fortune-tellers-prophecy-lally-pia/1143708282"
},
{
"title": "Ghana's Former President Mahama Launches Russian Language Version of his Political Memoir - Modern Diplomacy",
"url": "https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2024/07/11/ghanas-former-president-mahama-launches-russian-language-version-of-his-political-memoir/"
},
{
"title": "Victoria Brittain, Ghana’s Precarious Revolution, NLR I/140, July–August 1983",
"url": "https://newleftreview.org/issues/i140/articles/victoria-brittain-ghana-s-precarious-revolution.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Against the Odds: Rawlings and Radical Change in Ghana - ROAPE",
"url": "https://roape.net/2016/12/01/odds-rawlings-radical-change-ghana/"
},
{
"title": "<i>My First Coup d'État</i> by John Dramani Mahama (review)",
"url": "https://muse.jhu.edu/article/536453/summary"
},
{
"title": "Kwame Nkrumah - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah"
},
{
"title": "Medical Professional Memoirs (137 books)",
"url": "https://www.goodreads.com/list/show/154271.Medical_Professional_Memoirs"
}
]
},
"Good! I found that Dr. Lally Pia wrote a book mentioning a coup in Ghana, though she's a psychiatrist, not a cardiologist. Let me search more specifically for a cardiologist who wrote about the December 31, 1981 coup.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_012ocM5jPCuY7b8SDwDiY517",
"content": [
{
"title": "Sandeep Jauhar - Sandeep Jauhar",
"url": "https://sandeepjauhar.com/"
},
{
"title": "Circulation Journal doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-22-0134",
"url": "https://xadxyylib.yuntsg.com/ueditor/jsp/upload/file/20240322/1711076013833061039.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Life in the Balance: A Physician's Memoir of Life, Love, and Loss with Parkinson's Disease and Dementia by Thomas Graboys MD | Goodreads",
"url": "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2191362.Life_in_the_Balance"
},
{
"title": "Best Cardiologists in Ghana – Find Reviews, Book Appointments - Africa Infoline",
"url": "https://africainfoline.com/listing/doctors/cardiologist/ghana/best-cardiologists-in-ghana-find-reviews-book-appointments/"
},
{
"title": "The Heart Speaks: A Cardiologist Reveals the Secret Language of Healing: Guarneri M.D. FACC, Mimi: 9780743273121: Amazon.com: Books",
"url": "https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Speaks-Cardiologist-Reveals-Language/dp/0743273125"
},
{
"title": "Committee and Staff Biographies - Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World - NCBI Bookshelf",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK45692/"
},
{
"title": "Book review of Heart: A History by Sandeep Jauhar - The Washington Post",
"url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/a-cardiologist-on-matters-of-the-heart/2018/11/08/cece37ba-a572-11e8-97ce-cc9042272f07_story.html"
},
{
"title": "An unquiet life. Memoirs of a physician and cardiologist - PMC",
"url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2448268/"
},
{
"title": "Obituary content by year - Wits University",
"url": "https://www.wits.ac.za/alumni/obituaries/obituary-content-by-year/"
},
{
"title": "Cardiothoracic surgical experience in Ghana",
"url": "https://cdn.amegroups.cn/journals/amepc/files/journals/2/articles/11332/public/11332-PB1-R2.pdf"
}
]
},
"I found information about Dr. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, a cardiothoracic surgeon from Ghana, but still haven't found a specific connection to a book about the December 31, 1981 coup. Let me search more specifically.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_0192jw7peyANdjUNLBBWoGWd",
"content": [
{
"title": "Amazon.com: Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Books",
"url": "https://www.amazon.com/Books-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng/s?rh=n:283155,p_27:Kwabena%2BFrimpong-Boateng"
},
{
"title": "Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng writes: My Kwame Nkrumah - Graphic Online",
"url": "https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-writes-my-kwame-nkrumah.html"
},
{
"title": "Prof. Frimpong-Boateng writes: My Nkrumah",
"url": "https://metrotvonline.com/prof-frimpong-boateng-writes-my-nkrumah/"
},
{
"title": "<i>My First Coup d'État</i> by John Dramani Mahama (review)",
"url": "https://muse.jhu.edu/article/536453/summary"
},
{
"title": "Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng Speaks - AFRICAWATCH | PDF | Ghana",
"url": "https://www.scribd.com/document/678928798/Prof-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-Speaks-AFRICAWATCH"
},
{
"title": "Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: My Kwame Nkrumah - MyJoyOnline",
"url": "https://www.myjoyonline.com/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-my-kwame-nkrumah/"
},
{
"title": "Amazon.com: My First Coup d'Etat: And Other True Stories from the Lost Decades of Africa: 9781608198597: Mahama, John Dramani: Books",
"url": "https://www.amazon.com/My-First-Coup-dEtat-Stories/dp/1608198596"
},
{
"title": "Books in Ghana",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/bookshop/cat.php?CAT=8"
},
{
"title": "[Full text] Prof. Frimpong Boateng report on work of IMCIM and the way forward",
"url": "https://www.modernghana.com/news/1226663/report-on-the-work-of-the-imcim-so-far-and-the.html"
},
{
"title": "Who is Prof Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng outside of politics, galamsey?",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Who-is-Prof-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-outside-of-politics-galamsey-1757132"
}
]
},
"Good! I found Professor Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng is a cardiothoracic surgeon (which includes cardiology). Now let me search specifically for any book he wrote about the 1981 coup.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01Rzjro4f6Pq3v1vc3Z7iVoM",
"content": []
},
"Based on my web search, I found information about Ghana's December 31 coup and several related topics, but I need to provide you with what I discovered:\n\n## Search Results Summary\n\nThe December 31, 1981 coup in Ghana was led by Air Force Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings, who overthrew the administration of President Hilla Limann and established the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC).\n\nRegarding the specific query about a cardiologist who wrote a book about this military takeover, I found:\n\n1. **Dr. Lally Pia** - A medical school student in Ghana when a military coup closed her medical school, though she became a child psychiatrist, not a cardiologist. She wrote \"The Fortune Teller's Prophecy: A Memoir of an Unlikely Doctor.\"\n\n2. **Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng** - A Ghanaian physician and cardiothoracic surgeon who is prominent in Ghana. However, I did not find evidence in the search results of him writing a specific book about the December 31, 1981 coup.\n\n3. **John Dramani Mahama** - Launched \"My First Coup d'État: Memories from the Lost Decades of Africa,\" a memoir published by Bloomsbury in July 2012, though he is a politician/historian, not a cardiologist.\n\nI was unable to find specific information about a cardiologist who wrote a book specifically about the Ghana December 31, 1981 military takeover. If you have additional details about this person or book, that would help me conduct a more targeted search."
],
"durationSeconds": 42.762115166
}
}
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Hilla Limann\" \"Operation Feed Yourself\" Ghana president\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Provisional National Defence Council\",\"url\":\"https://grokipedia.com/page/Provisional_National_Defence_Council\"},{\"title\":\"List Of Ghana Presidents\",\"url\":\"https://legonconnect.com/list-ghana-presidents/\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found information about both Hilla Limann and Operation Feed Yourself, though they are not directly connected to each other.\n\nDr. Hilla Limann was born on December 12, 1934, and served as the first and only President of Ghana's 3rd Republic. He won the 1979 general election on the ticket of the People's National Convention with 62% of the popular votes in the second round of voting, and assumed office on September 24, 1979.(no content)He was toppled by Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings in a coup on December 31, 1981.\n\nHowever, \"Operation Feed Yourself\" was a self-reliance initiative pursued during General Acheampong's regime, not during Hilla Limann's presidency. Acheampong ruled Ghana before Limann and was overthrown in 1978, before Limann came to power in 1979.\n\nSo while both Hilla Limann and Operation Feed Yourself are part of Ghana's presidential history, Operation Feed Yourself was not a policy of Limann's administration—it was implemented by an earlier military leader, General Acheampong.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"Based on the search results, I found information about both Hilla Limann and Operation Feed Yourself, though they are not directly connected to each other.\n\nDr. Hilla Limann was born on December 12, 1934, and served as the first and only President of Ghana's 3rd Republic. He won the 1979 general election on the ticket of the People's National Convention with 62% of the popular votes in the second round of voting, and assumed office on September 24, 1979.(no content)He was toppled by Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings in a coup on December 31, 1981.\n\nHowever, \"Operation Feed Yourself\" was a self-reliance initiative pursued during General Acheampong's regime, not during Hilla Limann's presidency. Acheampong ruled Ghana before Limann and was overthrown in 1978, before Limann came to power in 1979.\n\nSo while both Hilla Limann and Operation Feed Yourself are part of Ghana's presidential history, Operation Feed Yourself was not a policy of Limann's administration—it was implemented by an earlier military leader, General Acheampong."
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"text": "Based on my research, I can now provide you with a comprehensive summary. However, I need to clarify an important point about your search criteria:\n\n## Summary of Findings\n\n**Country:** Ghana\n\n**Leader Overthrown on December 31:** Dr. Hilla Limann\n\n**Who Overthrew Him:** Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings\n\n**Date of December 31 Coup:** December 31, 1981\n\n**Democratic Period (Third Republic):** September 24, 1979 - December 31, 1981\n\n**Later Democratic Period (Fourth Republic):** January 7, 1993 - present\n\n**US-Style Presidential System:** Established under the 1992 Constitution, which entered into force on January 7, 1993\n\n### Important Clarification:\n\n**Agricultural Program:** \"Operation Feed Yourself\"\n\n**Leader Who Initiated It:** General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong (not Hilla Limann)\n\n**Program Dates:** February 1972 - 1978\n\nThe agricultural program \"Operation Feed Yourself\" was initiated by General Acheampong, who ruled Ghana from 1972-1978. However, Acheampong was not overthrown on December 31 - he was removed in a palace coup in July 1978.\n\nThe leader who **was** overthrown on December 31, 1981, was Dr. Hilla Limann, Ghana's democratically elected president. Limann served during Ghana's Third Republic (1979-1981) but did not initiate the \"Operation Feed Yourself\" program.\n\nGhana eventually transitioned to its current Fourth Republic with a US-style presidential system on January 7, 1993, ironically under Jerry Rawlings himself, who transformed from military ruler to democratically elected president.\n\n### Sources:\n- [1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat)\n- [Today in History: Hilla Limann overthrown by Rawlings in a coup on New Year's Eve](https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Today-in-History-Hilla-Limann-overthrown-by-Rawlings-in-a-coup-on-New-Year-s-Eve-1144217)\n- [Operation Feed Yourself - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Feed_Yourself)\n- [Ghana's \"Operation Feed Yourself\" Plan in 1972: A Lesson for Achieving SDG Goals](https://agricjournalist.com/operation-feed-yourself/)\n- [Constitutional history of Ghana](https://constitutionnet.org/country/ghana)\n- [Ghana - THE FOURTH REPUBLIC](https://countrystudies.us/ghana/100.htm)\n- [Jerry Rawlings - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings)\n- [List Of Ghana Presidents](https://legonconnect.com/list-ghana-presidents/)"
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"text": "Based on my research, I can now provide you with a comprehensive summary. However, I need to clarify an important point about your search criteria:\n\n## Summary of Findings\n\n**Country:** Ghana\n\n**Leader Overthrown on December 31:** Dr. Hilla Limann\n\n**Who Overthrew Him:** Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings\n\n**Date of December 31 Coup:** December 31, 1981\n\n**Democratic Period (Third Republic):** September 24, 1979 - December 31, 1981\n\n**Later Democratic Period (Fourth Republic):** January 7, 1993 - present\n\n**US-Style Presidential System:** Established under the 1992 Constitution, which entered into force on January 7, 1993\n\n### Important Clarification:\n\n**Agricultural Program:** \"Operation Feed Yourself\"\n\n**Leader Who Initiated It:** General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong (not Hilla Limann)\n\n**Program Dates:** February 1972 - 1978\n\nThe agricultural program \"Operation Feed Yourself\" was initiated by General Acheampong, who ruled Ghana from 1972-1978. However, Acheampong was not overthrown on December 31 - he was removed in a palace coup in July 1978.\n\nThe leader who **was** overthrown on December 31, 1981, was Dr. Hilla Limann, Ghana's democratically elected president. Limann served during Ghana's Third Republic (1979-1981) but did not initiate the \"Operation Feed Yourself\" program.\n\nGhana eventually transitioned to its current Fourth Republic with a US-style presidential system on January 7, 1993, ironically under Jerry Rawlings himself, who transformed from military ruler to democratically elected president.\n\n### Sources:\n- [1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat)\n- [Today in History: Hilla Limann overthrown by Rawlings in a coup on New Year's Eve](https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Today-in-History-Hilla-Limann-overthrown-by-Rawlings-in-a-coup-on-New-Year-s-Eve-1144217)\n- [Operation Feed Yourself - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Feed_Yourself)\n- [Ghana's \"Operation Feed Yourself\" Plan in 1972: A Lesson for Achieving SDG Goals](https://agricjournalist.com/operation-feed-yourself/)\n- [Constitutional history of Ghana](https://constitutionnet.org/country/ghana)\n- [Ghana - THE FOURTH REPUBLIC](https://countrystudies.us/ghana/100.htm)\n- [Jerry Rawlings - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings)\n- [List Of Ghana Presidents](https://legonconnect.com/list-ghana-presidents/)"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\" date of birth cardiology December 31 coup book\"\n\nWeb search error: unavailable\n\nI apologize, but I'm unable to perform the web search at this moment as the search tool is currently unavailable. \n\nHowever, I can share what I know about Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng from my training data:\n\nProfessor Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng is a renowned Ghanaian cardiothoracic surgeon who was born on October 6, 1949. He is notable for:\n\n- Being Ghana's first cardiothoracic surgeon\n- Performing the first open-heart surgery in West Africa\n- Serving as the CEO of the National Cardiothoracic Centre at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana\n- Serving as Ghana's Minister of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation (2017-2020)\n\nThe reference to \"December 31 coup\" likely relates to Ghana's history, as December 31, 1981, was when Jerry Rawlings staged a coup in Ghana. Frimpong-Boateng may have written about or been connected to events from that period in Ghanaian history.\n\nIf you need more current or specific information about a book he may have written about the coup, I would recommend trying the search again later or checking bookstores and publishers for his published works.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"I apologize, but I'm unable to perform the web search at this moment as the search tool is currently unavailable. \n\nHowever, I can share what I know about Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng from my training data:\n\nProfessor Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng is a renowned Ghanaian cardiothoracic surgeon who was born on October 6, 1949. He is notable for:\n\n- Being Ghana's first cardiothoracic surgeon\n- Performing the first open-heart surgery in West Africa\n- Serving as the CEO of the National Cardiothoracic Centre at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana\n- Serving as Ghana's Minister of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation (2017-2020)\n\nThe reference to \"December 31 coup\" likely relates to Ghana's history, as December 31, 1981, was when Jerry Rawlings staged a coup in Ghana. Frimpong-Boateng may have written about or been connected to events from that period in Ghanaian history.\n\nIf you need more current or specific information about a book he may have written about the coup, I would recommend trying the search again later or checking bookstores and publishers for his published works."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng October 6 1949 biography\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://grokipedia.com/page/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Giloshop - Dr. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Pioneering Cardiothoracic Surgeon and Healthcare Visionary\",\"url\":\"https://giloshop.com/blog/post/dr-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-pioneering-cardiothoracic-surgeon-and-healthcare-visionary\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, Biography\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikidata\",\"url\":\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6449932\"},{\"title\":\"#Atoms4Life Mr Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/18/11/cn-262-frimpong-boateng-bio.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng | University of Education, Winneba\",\"url\":\"https://www.uew.edu.gh/hall-fame/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Category:Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikimedia Commons\",\"url\":\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Father of open-heart surgery in Ghana - Graphic Online\",\"url\":\"https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/health/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-father-of-open-heart-surgery-in-ghana.html\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng | CTSNet\",\"url\":\"https://www.ctsnet.org/home/kfrimpongboateng\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found information about Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng. Here's a biography:\n\n## Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Biography\n\nKwabena Frimpong-Boateng FGA (born 1949) is a Ghanaian physician and cardiothoracic surgeon who established the National Cardiothoracic Center in Accra, Ghana and the Ghana Red Cross Society.\n\n### Early Life and Education\n\nPrior to his birth, Frimpong-Boateng's father, Kofi Frimpong, died from heart injuries sustained from a road accident. Boateng's motivation therefore was to become a heart surgeon, so he could help heal people with heart related conditions.(no content)Frimpong-Boateng attended Sekondi College in Ghana. Young Frimpong-Boateng studied physics and mathematics with the hope of becoming an engineer. However, he decided to pursue a career as Doctor after being offered a scholarship to study medicine in Germany.(no content)Prof. Frimpong-Boateng graduated from the University of Ghana Medical School in 1975 with MB, ChB degrees.\n\n### Medical Career\n\nHe had his postgraduate studies at the Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany and qualified as general, cardiothoracic and vascular surgeon. He subsequently worked as a consultant cardiothoracic surgeon and was one of the pioneers of the heart transplantation programme in Hannover.(no content)Frimpong-Boateng performed the first of scores of heart transplantations in 1985.(no content)Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng established the National Cardiothoracic Centre at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra in 1989 and performed the country's first open-heart surgery using a heart-lung machine in 1992.\n\n### Academic and Administrative Positions\n\nHe joined the University of Ghana Medical School as a lecturer in 2000 and got promoted to associate professor same year. He was made a full professor in 2002. He also served as head of the department of surgery at the school, prior to his appointment as the chief executive officer of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in 2002.(no content)He was elected to the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences in December 2002.\n\n### Political Career\n\nIn March 2006, Frimpong-Boateng announced his intention to seek the nomination as the candidate of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) for the December 2008 National Presidential Elections. Documentaries were made about his life and his hopes, but at the end, the candidate elected was Nana Akufo-Addo.(no content)He was appointed Minister of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation by President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo in February 2017.\n\n### Legacy\n\nFrimpong-Boateng also runs a charitable foundation, the Ghana Heart Foundation, which is responsible for paying for heart surgeries for poor patients with support from his donors.\n\n**Note:** While you searched for \"October 6 1949,\" the search results only confirm he was born in 1949, without specifying the exact date of October 6.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"Based on the search results, I found information about Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng. Here's a biography:\n\n## Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Biography\n\nKwabena Frimpong-Boateng FGA (born 1949) is a Ghanaian physician and cardiothoracic surgeon who established the National Cardiothoracic Center in Accra, Ghana and the Ghana Red Cross Society.\n\n### Early Life and Education\n\nPrior to his birth, Frimpong-Boateng's father, Kofi Frimpong, died from heart injuries sustained from a road accident. Boateng's motivation therefore was to become a heart surgeon, so he could help heal people with heart related conditions.(no content)Frimpong-Boateng attended Sekondi College in Ghana. Young Frimpong-Boateng studied physics and mathematics with the hope of becoming an engineer. However, he decided to pursue a career as Doctor after being offered a scholarship to study medicine in Germany.(no content)Prof. Frimpong-Boateng graduated from the University of Ghana Medical School in 1975 with MB, ChB degrees.\n\n### Medical Career\n\nHe had his postgraduate studies at the Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany and qualified as general, cardiothoracic and vascular surgeon. He subsequently worked as a consultant cardiothoracic surgeon and was one of the pioneers of the heart transplantation programme in Hannover.(no content)Frimpong-Boateng performed the first of scores of heart transplantations in 1985.(no content)Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng established the National Cardiothoracic Centre at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra in 1989 and performed the country's first open-heart surgery using a heart-lung machine in 1992.\n\n### Academic and Administrative Positions\n\nHe joined the University of Ghana Medical School as a lecturer in 2000 and got promoted to associate professor same year. He was made a full professor in 2002. He also served as head of the department of surgery at the school, prior to his appointment as the chief executive officer of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in 2002.(no content)He was elected to the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences in December 2002.\n\n### Political Career\n\nIn March 2006, Frimpong-Boateng announced his intention to seek the nomination as the candidate of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) for the December 2008 National Presidential Elections. Documentaries were made about his life and his hopes, but at the end, the candidate elected was Nana Akufo-Addo.(no content)He was appointed Minister of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation by President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo in February 2017.\n\n### Legacy\n\nFrimpong-Boateng also runs a charitable foundation, the Ghana Heart Foundation, which is responsible for paying for heart surgeries for poor patients with support from his donors.\n\n**Note:** While you searched for \"October 6 1949,\" the search results only confirm he was born in 1949, without specifying the exact date of October 6."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\" book December 31 1981 coup memoir\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Amazon.com: Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Books\",\"url\":\"https://www.amazon.com/Books-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng/s?rh=n:283155,p_27:Kwabena%2BFrimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng writes: My Kwame Nkrumah - Graphic Online\",\"url\":\"https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-writes-my-kwame-nkrumah.html\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng Speaks - AFRICAWATCH | PDF | Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://www.scribd.com/document/678928798/Prof-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-Speaks-AFRICAWATCH\"},{\"title\":\"Ghanaian Physicians: Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, Emmanuel A. Kissi, Kwame Addo-Kufuor, Edward Mahama, Frederick Nanka-Bruce by LLC Books (Creator): Compare Prices on New & Used Copies | Alibris\",\"url\":\"https://www.alibris.com/Ghanaian-Physicians-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-Emmanuel-A-Kissi-Kwame-Addo-Kufuor-Edward-Mahama-Frederick-Nanka-Bruce/book/12921916\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: My Kwame Nkrumah - MyJoyOnline\",\"url\":\"https://www.myjoyonline.com/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-my-kwame-nkrumah/\"},{\"title\":\"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana - Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Google Books\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.com/books/about/Deep_Down_My_Heart.html?id=Ww7bAAAAMAAJ\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikidata\",\"url\":\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6449932\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, Biography\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596\"},{\"title\":\"Who is Prof Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng outside of politics, galamsey?\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Who-is-Prof-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-outside-of-politics-galamsey-1757132\"}]\n\nI found information about Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng's publications, but the search results don't show a specific memoir about the December 31, 1981 coup. Let me search more specifically for this.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"#Atoms4Life Mr Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/18/11/cn-262-frimpong-boateng-bio.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Korle Bu has become a bigger monster – Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Korle-Bu-has-become-a-bigger-monster-Frimpong-Boateng-506309\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, Biography\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596\"},{\"title\":\"Celebrating Ghana’s First Cardiothoracic Surgeon; Prof. Kwabena Frimpong Boateng. #TRYA_Health_Wednesday\",\"url\":\"https://therisingyouthadvocacy.wordpress.com/2022/03/09/celebrating-ghanas-first-cardiothoracic-surgeon-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng/\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikiwand\",\"url\":\"https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I can see that \"Taming a Monster\" is about his experience managing Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, not about the 1981 coup. Let me search more specifically for a memoir about the December 31, 1981 coup.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Today At The NRC\",\"url\":\"https://www.modernghana.com/news/47195/today-at-the-nrc.html\"},{\"title\":\"Throwback: Rawlings marks 1981 coup with powerful warrior dance\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Throwback-Rawlings-marks-1981-coup-with-powerful-warrior-dance-1988719\"},{\"title\":\"1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"Provisional National Defence Council - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_National_Defence_Council\"},{\"title\":\"Coup of 1981 | history of Ghana | Britannica\",\"url\":\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Coup-of-1981\"},{\"title\":\"The real story behind the June 4 Revolution: Separating the facts from fiction\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-real-story-behind-the-June-4-Revolution-Separating-the-facts-from-fiction-752037\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana’s Populist Mystic, Jerry Rawlings – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training\",\"url\":\"https://adst.org/2015/05/ghanas-populist-mystic-jerry-rawlings/\"},{\"title\":\"Rawlings Orderd Killing Of Judges - Adabuga\",\"url\":\"https://www.modernghana.com/news/35081/rawlings-orderd-killing-of-judges-adabuga.html\"},{\"title\":\"Ghana - Rawlings Coup\",\"url\":\"https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/ghana-coup.htm\"},{\"title\":\"The infamous coup speeches of Rawlings that can never be forgotten\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-infamous-coup-speeches-of-Rawlings-that-can-never-be-forgotten-1168858\"}]\n\nThe search results show information about the 1981 coup but don't mention Prof. Frimpong-Boateng having written a memoir about it. Let me search more specifically to see if such a book exists.\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Amazon.com: Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Books\",\"url\":\"https://www.amazon.com/Books-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng/s?rh=n:283155,p_27:Kwabena%2BFrimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"#Atoms4Life Mr Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/18/11/cn-262-frimpong-boateng-bio.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana - Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Google Books\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.com/books/about/Deep_Down_My_Heart.html?id=Ww7bAAAAMAAJ\"},{\"title\":\"Kwesi Frimpong-Boateng | PubFacts\",\"url\":\"https://www.pubfacts.com/author/Kwesi+Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"#Leadership #Health Leadership #Legacy #Leadership Legacy - Perbi Executive Leadership Education\",\"url\":\"https://perbiexecutive.com/tag/leadership-health-leadership-legacy-leadership-legacy/\"},{\"title\":\"Financialisation and Poverty Alleviation in Ghana by Francis Boateng Frimpong 9781642598032 Coles Books\",\"url\":\"https://coles-books.co.uk/financialisation-and-poverty-alleviation-in-ghana-by-francis-boateng-frimpong\"},{\"title\":\"Kwesi FRIMPONG-BOATENG | PhD | The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego | scripps | Department of Immunology and Microbial Science | Research profile\",\"url\":\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kwesi-Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Financialisation and Poverty Alleviation in Ghana : Francis Boateng Frimpong : 9789004499973 : Blackwell's\",\"url\":\"https://blackwells.co.uk/bookshop/product/Financialisation-and-Poverty-Alleviation-in-Ghana-by-Francis-Boateng-Frimpong/9789004499973\"},{\"title\":\"Amazon.com: Sean Frimpong: books, biography, latest update\",\"url\":\"https://www.amazon.com/Sean-Frimpong/e/B08YZ2CZX4\"},{\"title\":\"Francis Boateng Frimpong Books\",\"url\":\"https://z-lib.io/author/Francis Boateng Frimpong\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I've found information about Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng and his published works. Let me provide you with what I found:\n\n## Search Results Summary\n\nProf. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng has authored two books: \"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana\" and \"Taming a Monster: Managing Korle Bu Teaching Hospital\". \n\nHowever, I could not find any evidence in the search results of a memoir by Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng specifically about the December 31, 1981 coup. \n\nHis book \"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana\" was published in 2000, and his book \"Taming a Monster\" details how he navigated his tenure as CEO of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, published in 2015.\n\nThe search results indicate that while mentions of \"PNDC\" and \"Rawlings\" appear in the index of \"Deep Down My Heart,\" suggesting some references to that period, there is no indication of a dedicated memoir about the 1981 coup itself.\n\nIt's possible that such a book exists but isn't well-indexed online, or the query may be based on incorrect information about such a publication.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"url": "https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-writes-my-kwame-nkrumah.html"
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng"
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"title": "Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng Speaks - AFRICAWATCH | PDF | Ghana",
"url": "https://www.scribd.com/document/678928798/Prof-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-Speaks-AFRICAWATCH"
},
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"title": "Ghanaian Physicians: Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, Emmanuel A. Kissi, Kwame Addo-Kufuor, Edward Mahama, Frederick Nanka-Bruce by LLC Books (Creator): Compare Prices on New & Used Copies | Alibris",
"url": "https://www.alibris.com/Ghanaian-Physicians-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-Emmanuel-A-Kissi-Kwame-Addo-Kufuor-Edward-Mahama-Frederick-Nanka-Bruce/book/12921916"
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"url": "https://www.myjoyonline.com/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-my-kwame-nkrumah/"
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"title": "Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana - Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Google Books",
"url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/Deep_Down_My_Heart.html?id=Ww7bAAAAMAAJ"
},
{
"title": "Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikidata",
"url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6449932"
},
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"url": "https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596"
},
{
"title": "Who is Prof Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng outside of politics, galamsey?",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Who-is-Prof-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-outside-of-politics-galamsey-1757132"
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"I found information about Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng's publications, but the search results don't show a specific memoir about the December 31, 1981 coup. Let me search more specifically for this.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_011VFdeB59r5towckxaNHcqj",
"content": [
{
"title": "#Atoms4Life Mr Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng",
"url": "https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/18/11/cn-262-frimpong-boateng-bio.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Korle Bu has become a bigger monster – Frimpong-Boateng",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Korle-Bu-has-become-a-bigger-monster-Frimpong-Boateng-506309"
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{
"title": "Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng"
},
{
"title": "Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, Biography",
"url": "https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596"
},
{
"title": "Celebrating Ghana’s First Cardiothoracic Surgeon; Prof. Kwabena Frimpong Boateng. #TRYA_Health_Wednesday",
"url": "https://therisingyouthadvocacy.wordpress.com/2022/03/09/celebrating-ghanas-first-cardiothoracic-surgeon-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng/"
},
{
"title": "Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikiwand",
"url": "https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng"
}
]
},
"Based on the search results, I can see that \"Taming a Monster\" is about his experience managing Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, not about the 1981 coup. Let me search more specifically for a memoir about the December 31, 1981 coup.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_015aoFA8Qywx1aTR7wzj8HBW",
"content": [
{
"title": "Today At The NRC",
"url": "https://www.modernghana.com/news/47195/today-at-the-nrc.html"
},
{
"title": "Throwback: Rawlings marks 1981 coup with powerful warrior dance",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Throwback-Rawlings-marks-1981-coup-with-powerful-warrior-dance-1988719"
},
{
"title": "1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"
},
{
"title": "Provisional National Defence Council - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_National_Defence_Council"
},
{
"title": "Coup of 1981 | history of Ghana | Britannica",
"url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Coup-of-1981"
},
{
"title": "The real story behind the June 4 Revolution: Separating the facts from fiction",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-real-story-behind-the-June-4-Revolution-Separating-the-facts-from-fiction-752037"
},
{
"title": "Ghana’s Populist Mystic, Jerry Rawlings – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training",
"url": "https://adst.org/2015/05/ghanas-populist-mystic-jerry-rawlings/"
},
{
"title": "Rawlings Orderd Killing Of Judges - Adabuga",
"url": "https://www.modernghana.com/news/35081/rawlings-orderd-killing-of-judges-adabuga.html"
},
{
"title": "Ghana - Rawlings Coup",
"url": "https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/ghana-coup.htm"
},
{
"title": "The infamous coup speeches of Rawlings that can never be forgotten",
"url": "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-infamous-coup-speeches-of-Rawlings-that-can-never-be-forgotten-1168858"
}
]
},
"The search results show information about the 1981 coup but don't mention Prof. Frimpong-Boateng having written a memoir about it. Let me search more specifically to see if such a book exists.",
{
"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_01FZURefnm1cDZ8bKBfGjrBG",
"content": [
{
"title": "Amazon.com: Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Books",
"url": "https://www.amazon.com/Books-Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng/s?rh=n:283155,p_27:Kwabena%2BFrimpong-Boateng"
},
{
"title": "#Atoms4Life Mr Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng",
"url": "https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/18/11/cn-262-frimpong-boateng-bio.pdf"
},
{
"title": "Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana - Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Google Books",
"url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/Deep_Down_My_Heart.html?id=Ww7bAAAAMAAJ"
},
{
"title": "Kwesi Frimpong-Boateng | PubFacts",
"url": "https://www.pubfacts.com/author/Kwesi+Frimpong-Boateng"
},
{
"title": "#Leadership #Health Leadership #Legacy #Leadership Legacy - Perbi Executive Leadership Education",
"url": "https://perbiexecutive.com/tag/leadership-health-leadership-legacy-leadership-legacy/"
},
{
"title": "Financialisation and Poverty Alleviation in Ghana by Francis Boateng Frimpong 9781642598032 Coles Books",
"url": "https://coles-books.co.uk/financialisation-and-poverty-alleviation-in-ghana-by-francis-boateng-frimpong"
},
{
"title": "Kwesi FRIMPONG-BOATENG | PhD | The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego | scripps | Department of Immunology and Microbial Science | Research profile",
"url": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kwesi-Frimpong-Boateng"
},
{
"title": "Financialisation and Poverty Alleviation in Ghana : Francis Boateng Frimpong : 9789004499973 : Blackwell's",
"url": "https://blackwells.co.uk/bookshop/product/Financialisation-and-Poverty-Alleviation-in-Ghana-by-Francis-Boateng-Frimpong/9789004499973"
},
{
"title": "Amazon.com: Sean Frimpong: books, biography, latest update",
"url": "https://www.amazon.com/Sean-Frimpong/e/B08YZ2CZX4"
},
{
"title": "Francis Boateng Frimpong Books",
"url": "https://z-lib.io/author/Francis Boateng Frimpong"
}
]
},
"Based on the search results, I've found information about Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng and his published works. Let me provide you with what I found:\n\n## Search Results Summary\n\nProf. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng has authored two books: \"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana\" and \"Taming a Monster: Managing Korle Bu Teaching Hospital\". \n\nHowever, I could not find any evidence in the search results of a memoir by Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng specifically about the December 31, 1981 coup. \n\nHis book \"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana\" was published in 2000, and his book \"Taming a Monster\" details how he navigated his tenure as CEO of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, published in 2015.\n\nThe search results indicate that while mentions of \"PNDC\" and \"Rawlings\" appear in the index of \"Deep Down My Heart,\" suggesting some references to that period, there is no indication of a dedicated memoir about the 1981 coup itself.\n\nIt's possible that such a book exists but isn't well-indexed online, or the query may be based on incorrect information about such a publication."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Deep Down My Heart\" Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng coup PNDC Rawlings contents\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana - Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Google Books\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.com/books/about/Deep_Down_My_Heart.html?id=Ww7bAAAAMAAJ\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Meet Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, The First Black Man To Perform A Heart Transplant - My News Ghana\",\"url\":\"https://mynewsghana.net/meet-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-the-first-black-man-to-perform-a-heart-transplant/\"},{\"title\":\"Celebrating Ghana’s First Cardiothoracic Surgeon; Prof. Kwabena Frimpong Boateng. #TRYA_Health_Wednesday\",\"url\":\"https://therisingyouthadvocacy.wordpress.com/2022/03/09/celebrating-ghanas-first-cardiothoracic-surgeon-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng/\"},{\"title\":\"Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Father of open-heart surgery in Ghana - Graphic Online\",\"url\":\"https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/health/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-father-of-open-heart-surgery-in-ghana.html\"},{\"title\":\"Enimil Ashon: Prof Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng immortalised - MyJoyOnline\",\"url\":\"https://www.myjoyonline.com/enimil-ashon-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-immortalised/\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikiwand\",\"url\":\"https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I can provide information about \"Deep Down My Heart\" by Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng and its connection to the PNDC and Rawlings:\n\n## Book Information\n\n\"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana\" is a book authored by Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, published in 2000. The book details how Professor Frimpong-Boateng came to set up the National Cardiothoracic Centre.\n\n## PNDC and Rawlings Connection\n\nFrimpong-Boateng's dream of establishing a cardiothoracic center started forming in his mind around 1981, and the PNDC bought into it in 1986. In 1992, Ghana made history with the opening of its National Cardiothoracic Centre.\n\nThe search results show that the book contains references to the PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council - the government led by Jerry Rawlings from 1981-1992) and Rawlings himself, as these terms appear in the book's content index alongside other medical and administrative terminology.\n\nThe book appears to document not only the medical aspects of developing cardiothoracic surgery in Ghana but also the political and administrative challenges, including interactions with the PNDC government under Rawlings during the establishment of the National Cardiothoracic Centre.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"title": "Meet Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, The First Black Man To Perform A Heart Transplant - My News Ghana",
"url": "https://mynewsghana.net/meet-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-the-first-black-man-to-perform-a-heart-transplant/"
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"title": "Celebrating Ghana’s First Cardiothoracic Surgeon; Prof. Kwabena Frimpong Boateng. #TRYA_Health_Wednesday",
"url": "https://therisingyouthadvocacy.wordpress.com/2022/03/09/celebrating-ghanas-first-cardiothoracic-surgeon-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng/"
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"title": "Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Father of open-heart surgery in Ghana - Graphic Online",
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},
{
"title": "Enimil Ashon: Prof Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng immortalised - MyJoyOnline",
"url": "https://www.myjoyonline.com/enimil-ashon-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-immortalised/"
},
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"url": "https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng"
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"Based on the search results, I can provide information about \"Deep Down My Heart\" by Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng and its connection to the PNDC and Rawlings:\n\n## Book Information\n\n\"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana\" is a book authored by Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, published in 2000. The book details how Professor Frimpong-Boateng came to set up the National Cardiothoracic Centre.\n\n## PNDC and Rawlings Connection\n\nFrimpong-Boateng's dream of establishing a cardiothoracic center started forming in his mind around 1981, and the PNDC bought into it in 1986. In 1992, Ghana made history with the opening of its National Cardiothoracic Centre.\n\nThe search results show that the book contains references to the PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council - the government led by Jerry Rawlings from 1981-1992) and Rawlings himself, as these terms appear in the book's content index alongside other medical and administrative terminology.\n\nThe book appears to document not only the medical aspects of developing cardiothoracic surgery in Ghana but also the political and administrative challenges, including interactions with the PNDC government under Rawlings during the establishment of the National Cardiothoracic Centre."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\" born \"October 6, 1949\" OR \"6 October 1949\"\"\n\nNo links found.\n\nI performed the search for \"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\" with the birth date \"October 6, 1949\" or \"6 October 1949\". Unfortunately, the search didn't return any results. \n\nThis could mean:\n- The specific birth date formatting in the search query may have been too restrictive\n- There may not be widely available online sources that mention his exact birth date in that format\n- The information might exist but not be indexed in a way that matches this specific search query\n\nWould you like me to try a simpler search for \"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\" without the birth date filter to find general information about this person?\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"I performed the search for \"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\" with the birth date \"October 6, 1949\" or \"6 October 1949\". Unfortunately, the search didn't return any results. \n\nThis could mean:\n- The specific birth date formatting in the search query may have been too restrictive\n- There may not be widely available online sources that mention his exact birth date in that format\n- The information might exist but not be indexed in a way that matches this specific search query\n\nWould you like me to try a simpler search for \"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\" without the birth date filter to find general information about this person?"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng birth date birthday when was he born\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikidata\",\"url\":\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6449932\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/5236517\"},{\"title\":\"Giloshop - Dr. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Pioneering Cardiothoracic Surgeon and Healthcare Visionary\",\"url\":\"https://giloshop.com/blog/post/dr-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-pioneering-cardiothoracic-surgeon-and-healthcare-visionary\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, Biography\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://grokipedia.com/page/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"NCC at 35: Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng immortalized for his contribution to Cardiothoracic Center\",\"url\":\"https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/general-news/ncc-at-35-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-immortalized-for-his-contribution-to-cardiothoracic-center/2024/\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Boateng - Player profile 25/26 | Transfermarkt\",\"url\":\"https://www.transfermarkt.us/kwabena-boateng/profil/spieler/1185691\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Boateng (Player) | National Football Teams\",\"url\":\"https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/35901/Kwabena_Boateng.html\"},{\"title\":\"#Atoms4Life Mr Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/18/11/cn-262-frimpong-boateng-bio.pdf\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng was born in 1949. However, there is one conflicting source that lists 1950 as his birth year, but the majority of sources, including Wikipedia and other reliable references, consistently state 1949 as his year of birth. \n\nUnfortunately, the specific date (day and month) of his birth does not appear to be publicly documented in the available sources.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"url": "https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/general-news/ncc-at-35-prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-immortalized-for-his-contribution-to-cardiothoracic-center/2024/"
},
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"title": "Kwabena Boateng - Player profile 25/26 | Transfermarkt",
"url": "https://www.transfermarkt.us/kwabena-boateng/profil/spieler/1185691"
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"Based on the search results, Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng was born in 1949. However, there is one conflicting source that lists 1950 as his birth year, but the majority of sources, including Wikipedia and other reliable references, consistently state 1949 as his year of birth. \n\nUnfortunately, the specific date (day and month) of his birth does not appear to be publicly documented in the available sources."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Frimpong-Boateng\" \"October 6\" OR \"6th October\" birth\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"#Leadership #Health Leadership #Legacy #Leadership Legacy - Perbi Executive Leadership Education\",\"url\":\"https://perbiexecutive.com/tag/leadership-health-leadership-legacy-leadership-legacy/\"}]\n\nThe search results mention Professor Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng and October 6 in the context of \"Leader Day,\" but do not provide information about his birth date being October 6th. The search results discuss Professor Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng as a German-trained Ghanaian cardiothoracic surgeon and founder of the National Cardiothoracic Centre, and mention various aspects of his career and legacy.\n\nHowever, the results do not confirm whether October 6 is his actual birth date. Would you like me to search for more specific information about Professor Frimpong-Boateng's date of birth?\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Frimpong-Boateng 1949 full date of birth\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Giloshop - Dr. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Pioneering Cardiothoracic Surgeon and Healthcare Visionary\",\"url\":\"https://giloshop.com/blog/post/dr-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-pioneering-cardiothoracic-surgeon-and-healthcare-visionary\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://grokipedia.com/page/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikidata\",\"url\":\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6449932\"},{\"title\":\"Category:Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikimedia Commons\",\"url\":\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng\"},{\"title\":\"Kwesi FRIMPONG-BOATENG | Profile | World Athletics\",\"url\":\"https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ghana/kwesi-frimpong-boateng-14194906\"},{\"title\":\"Boateng Frimpong - Player profile 2025 | Transfermarkt\",\"url\":\"https://www.transfermarkt.us/boateng-frimpong/profil/spieler/740825\"},{\"title\":\"Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, Biography\",\"url\":\"https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596\"},{\"title\":\"#Atoms4Life Mr Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng\",\"url\":\"https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/18/11/cn-262-frimpong-boateng-bio.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Boateng Frimpong stats and ratings | Sofascore\",\"url\":\"https://www.sofascore.com/football/player/boateng-frimpong/1125536\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng was born in 1949. However, the search results do not provide the full date of birth (including the specific day and month) - only the year 1949 is consistently mentioned across multiple sources including Wikipedia, Wikidata, and other biographical sources.\n\nThe sources reference only the birth year without providing a complete date.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"title": "Kwesi FRIMPONG-BOATENG | Profile | World Athletics",
"url": "https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ghana/kwesi-frimpong-boateng-14194906"
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"title": "Boateng Frimpong - Player profile 2025 | Transfermarkt",
"url": "https://www.transfermarkt.us/boateng-frimpong/profil/spieler/740825"
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"title": "Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, Biography",
"url": "https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596"
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{
"title": "#Atoms4Life Mr Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng",
"url": "https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/18/11/cn-262-frimpong-boateng-bio.pdf"
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"title": "Boateng Frimpong stats and ratings | Sofascore",
"url": "https://www.sofascore.com/football/player/boateng-frimpong/1125536"
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"Based on the search results, Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng was born in 1949. However, the search results do not provide the full date of birth (including the specific day and month) - only the year 1949 is consistently mentioned across multiple sources including Wikipedia, Wikidata, and other biographical sources.\n\nThe sources reference only the birth year without providing a complete date."
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"text": "Based on my extensive web search, I found information about a West African cardiologist who fits most of your criteria, though I was unable to confirm all the specific details you requested:\n\n## Findings:\n\n**Full Name:** Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng (also known as Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, FGA)\n\n**Date of Birth:** **1949** (year only confirmed - the exact day and month are not publicly documented in available online sources)\n\n**Medical Specialty:** **Cardiothoracic Surgeon** - He is a heart surgeon specializing in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery, which encompasses cardiology-related surgical procedures\n\n**Country:** **Ghana** (West Africa)\n\n**Books/Publications:**\n1. **\"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana\"** (2000) - This book documents the establishment of the National Cardiothoracic Centre and contains references to the PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council) government and Jerry Rawlings, who led the December 31, 1981 coup in Ghana\n2. **\"Taming a Monster: Managing Korle Bu Teaching Hospital\"** (2015)\n\n**Connection to December 31 Coup:**\nWhile Prof. Frimpong-Boateng did not write a dedicated book specifically about the December 31, 1981 coup, his book \"Deep Down My Heart\" contains detailed accounts of his experiences during the PNDC era (1981-1992) under Jerry Rawlings' government, which began with the December 31, 1981 coup. The book documents how the PNDC government supported his dream of establishing Ghana's National Cardiothoracic Centre starting in 1986.\n\n**Notable Achievements:**\n- Ghana's first cardiothoracic surgeon\n- Performed the first open-heart surgery in West Africa (1992)\n- Established the National Cardiothoracic Centre at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra (1989)\n- Performed heart transplantations in Germany (1985)\n- Served as Minister of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation (2017-2020)\n\n**Note:** I was unable to find the complete date of birth (month and day) in publicly available sources - only the year 1949 is consistently documented.\n\n## Sources:\n- [Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng)\n- [Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana - Google Books](https://books.google.com/books/about/Deep_Down_My_Heart.html?id=Ww7bAAAAMAAJ)\n- [Dr. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Pioneering Cardiothoracic Surgeon - Giloshop](https://giloshop.com/blog/post/dr-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-pioneering-cardiothoracic-surgeon-and-healthcare-visionary)\n- [Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Father of open-heart surgery in Ghana - Graphic Online](https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/health/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-father-of-open-heart-surgery-in-ghana.html)\n- [1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat)\n- [Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng Biography](https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596)"
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"prompt": "Search for: A cardiologist (heart doctor) from a West African nation who documented and wrote detailed accounts of military coups in his country, particularly focusing on coups that occurred on December 31.\n\nFind:\n- Doctor's full name\n- Date of birth\n- Medical specialty (confirm cardiology)\n- Books or publications about coups\n- Country\n\nReturn findings including the FULL DATE OF BIRTH (Month Day, Year).",
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"text": "Based on my extensive web search, I found information about a West African cardiologist who fits most of your criteria, though I was unable to confirm all the specific details you requested:\n\n## Findings:\n\n**Full Name:** Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng (also known as Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng, FGA)\n\n**Date of Birth:** **1949** (year only confirmed - the exact day and month are not publicly documented in available online sources)\n\n**Medical Specialty:** **Cardiothoracic Surgeon** - He is a heart surgeon specializing in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery, which encompasses cardiology-related surgical procedures\n\n**Country:** **Ghana** (West Africa)\n\n**Books/Publications:**\n1. **\"Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana\"** (2000) - This book documents the establishment of the National Cardiothoracic Centre and contains references to the PNDC (Provisional National Defence Council) government and Jerry Rawlings, who led the December 31, 1981 coup in Ghana\n2. **\"Taming a Monster: Managing Korle Bu Teaching Hospital\"** (2015)\n\n**Connection to December 31 Coup:**\nWhile Prof. Frimpong-Boateng did not write a dedicated book specifically about the December 31, 1981 coup, his book \"Deep Down My Heart\" contains detailed accounts of his experiences during the PNDC era (1981-1992) under Jerry Rawlings' government, which began with the December 31, 1981 coup. The book documents how the PNDC government supported his dream of establishing Ghana's National Cardiothoracic Centre starting in 1986.\n\n**Notable Achievements:**\n- Ghana's first cardiothoracic surgeon\n- Performed the first open-heart surgery in West Africa (1992)\n- Established the National Cardiothoracic Centre at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra (1989)\n- Performed heart transplantations in Germany (1985)\n- Served as Minister of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation (2017-2020)\n\n**Note:** I was unable to find the complete date of birth (month and day) in publicly available sources - only the year 1949 is consistently documented.\n\n## Sources:\n- [Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Frimpong-Boateng)\n- [Deep Down My Heart: A History of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Ghana - Google Books](https://books.google.com/books/about/Deep_Down_My_Heart.html?id=Ww7bAAAAMAAJ)\n- [Dr. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng: Pioneering Cardiothoracic Surgeon - Giloshop](https://giloshop.com/blog/post/dr-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-pioneering-cardiothoracic-surgeon-and-healthcare-visionary)\n- [Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng - Father of open-heart surgery in Ghana - Graphic Online](https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/health/prof-kwabena-frimpong-boateng-father-of-open-heart-surgery-in-ghana.html)\n- [1981 Ghanaian coup d'état - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat)\n- [Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng Biography](https://www.ghanawebbers.com/person/Kwabena-Frimpong-Boateng-5596)"
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"text": "Good progress! The research has identified:\n- University of Lagos, Nigeria (founded 1962)\n- Professor Ayodele Awojobi (first African PhD in engineering from Imperial College London)\n- Ghana's December 31, 1981 coup (Rawlings overthrew Hilla Limann)\n- Prof. Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng (Ghanaian cardiothoracic surgeon/cardiologist who documented the PNDC era)\n\nHowever, the clues point to **Nigeria**, not Ghana. The university (Lagos) and professor (Awojobi) are Nigerian. Let me search for the correct cardiologist historian:"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Nigerian cardiologist wrote books Nigerian military coups December 31\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"A Page Listing Dr. Nowa Omoigui's Accounts of Various Military Coups in Nigeria\",\"url\":\"http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/nigeria_facts/MilitaryRule/Omoigui/CoupPage.html\"},{\"title\":\"The Nigerian New Year's Coup of December 31, 1983 - William D. Graf, 1985\",\"url\":\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002193478501600102\"},{\"title\":\"Echoes of Military Coups in Nigeria - THISDAYLIVE\",\"url\":\"https://www.thisdaylive.com/2024/11/14/echoes-of-military-coups-in-nigeria/\"},{\"title\":\"(PDF) Military Coups d'etat in Nigeria Revisited: A Political and Economic Analysis\",\"url\":\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308384412_Military_Coups_d'etat_in_Nigeria_Revisited_A_Political_and_Economic_Analysis\"},{\"title\":\"MILITARY RULE: The History of Coup D'etat in Nigeria\",\"url\":\"https://www.penglobalinc.com/military-rule-the-history-of-coup-detat-in-nigeria\"},{\"title\":\"THE HISTORY OF THE NIGERIAN ARMY AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE OF NIGERIA\",\"url\":\"https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA406482.pdf\"},{\"title\":\"Military Coups in Nigeria | Ulearngo\",\"url\":\"https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/west-african-constitutional-development/military-coups-in-nigeria\"},{\"title\":\"1966 Nigerian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Nigerian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"Nigerian Politics: A Case Study of Military Coups - UNT Digital Library\",\"url\":\"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500341/\"},{\"title\":\"Nigeria’s Military Coup History: Key Events and Impact to Date\",\"url\":\"https://rexclarkeadventures.com/nigeria-military-coup/\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found information about the person you're looking for:\n\nNowa Omoigui is a cardiologist who has taken interest in military history and has written comprehensive accounts of Nigeria's military coups. \n\nThe search results reference Dr. Nowa Omoigui's accounts of various military coups in Nigeria, and his work has been recognized for providing detailed documentation of these events.\n\nRegarding the December 31 connection to Nigerian military coups: The Nigerian military coup of December 31, 1983 was led by a group of senior army officers who overthrew the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari.(no content)Participants included Majors General Ibrahim Babangida and Muhammadu Buhari, Brigadiers Ibrahim Bako, Sani Abacha, and Tunde Idiagbon, with Major General Buhari appointed Head of State by the conspirators.\n\nDr. Omoigui appears to have documented this and other coups in Nigerian history as part of his work on the country's military history.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"Based on the search results, I found information about the person you're looking for:\n\nNowa Omoigui is a cardiologist who has taken interest in military history and has written comprehensive accounts of Nigeria's military coups. \n\nThe search results reference Dr. Nowa Omoigui's accounts of various military coups in Nigeria, and his work has been recognized for providing detailed documentation of these events.\n\nRegarding the December 31 connection to Nigerian military coups: The Nigerian military coup of December 31, 1983 was led by a group of senior army officers who overthrew the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari.(no content)Participants included Majors General Ibrahim Babangida and Muhammadu Buhari, Brigadiers Ibrahim Bako, Sani Abacha, and Tunde Idiagbon, with Major General Buhari appointed Head of State by the conspirators.\n\nDr. Omoigui appears to have documented this and other coups in Nigerian history as part of his work on the country's military history."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Nigeria military coup December 31 overthrown leader\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"MILITARY RULE: The History of Coup D'etat in Nigeria\",\"url\":\"https://www.penglobalinc.com/military-rule-the-history-of-coup-detat-in-nigeria\"},{\"title\":\"Military Coups in Nigeria | Ulearngo\",\"url\":\"https://app.ulearngo.com/government/west-african-constitutional-development/military-coups-in-nigeria\"},{\"title\":\"1983 Nigerian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Nigerian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"Military coups in Nigeria - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_coups_in_Nigeria\"},{\"title\":\"Nigeria’s Military Coup History: Key Events and Impact to Date\",\"url\":\"https://rexclarkeadventures.com/nigeria-military-coup/\"},{\"title\":\"Military dictatorship in Nigeria - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Nigeria\"},{\"title\":\"Nigeria - Military Regimes, 1983-99 | Britannica\",\"url\":\"https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Military-regimes-1983-99\"},{\"title\":\"Muhammadu Buhari | Previous Offices, Death, Biography, & Facts | Britannica\",\"url\":\"https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari\"},{\"title\":\"Nigerien crisis (2023–2024) - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerien_crisis_(2023–2024)\"},{\"title\":\"Historical Documents - Office of the Historian\",\"url\":\"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v24/d361\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found information about Nigeria's military coup on December 31, 1983. Here's what happened:\n\n## The December 31, 1983 Nigerian Coup\n\nA military coup took place in Nigeria on December 31, 1983, coordinated by key officers of the Nigerian military that led to the ousting of the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari and the installation of Major General Muhammadu Buhari as head of state.\n\n### The Overthrown Leader\n\nThe coup was led by a group of senior army officers who overthrew the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari. President Shehu Shagari was the leader of Nigeria's Second Republic at the time.\n\n### Key Participants\n\nParticipants included Majors General Ibrahim Babangida and Muhammadu Buhari, Brigadiers Ibrahim Bako, Sani Abacha, and Tunde Idiagbon.\n\n### Justification\n\nThe coup organizers, including Brigadier Sani Abacha, criticized Shagari's government as \"inept and corrupt,\" with Major General Muhammadu Buhari citing the country's economic decline and governmental failures as justification.\n\n### Aftermath\n\nDissatisfaction with dismal economic conditions and what the military perceived as corrupt politicians led to the military coup on December 31, 1983, and Buhari was chosen unanimously to be the new head of state.(no content)Buhari's regime launched the \"War Against Indiscipline\" (WAI), targeting politicians and leading to widespread arrests and detentions.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"url": "https://www.penglobalinc.com/military-rule-the-history-of-coup-detat-in-nigeria"
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"title": "Military dictatorship in Nigeria - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Nigeria"
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"title": "Nigeria - Military Regimes, 1983-99 | Britannica",
"url": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Military-regimes-1983-99"
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"title": "Muhammadu Buhari | Previous Offices, Death, Biography, & Facts | Britannica",
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"title": "Nigerien crisis (2023–2024) - Wikipedia",
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"url": "https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v24/d361"
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"Based on the search results, I found information about Nigeria's military coup on December 31, 1983. Here's what happened:\n\n## The December 31, 1983 Nigerian Coup\n\nA military coup took place in Nigeria on December 31, 1983, coordinated by key officers of the Nigerian military that led to the ousting of the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari and the installation of Major General Muhammadu Buhari as head of state.\n\n### The Overthrown Leader\n\nThe coup was led by a group of senior army officers who overthrew the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari. President Shehu Shagari was the leader of Nigeria's Second Republic at the time.\n\n### Key Participants\n\nParticipants included Majors General Ibrahim Babangida and Muhammadu Buhari, Brigadiers Ibrahim Bako, Sani Abacha, and Tunde Idiagbon.\n\n### Justification\n\nThe coup organizers, including Brigadier Sani Abacha, criticized Shagari's government as \"inept and corrupt,\" with Major General Muhammadu Buhari citing the country's economic decline and governmental failures as justification.\n\n### Aftermath\n\nDissatisfaction with dismal economic conditions and what the military perceived as corrupt politicians led to the military coup on December 31, 1983, and Buhari was chosen unanimously to be the new head of state.(no content)Buhari's regime launched the \"War Against Indiscipline\" (WAI), targeting politicians and leading to widespread arrests and detentions."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Dr. Nowa Omoigui cardiologist date of birth biography\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Celebrating the Life of Nowamagbe Austin Omoiguil, MD | Association of Black Cardiologists\",\"url\":\"https://abcardio.org/celebrating-the-life-of-nowamagbe-omoigui/\"},{\"title\":\"About\",\"url\":\"https://nowaomoigui.com/about/\"},{\"title\":\"Nowa Omoigui - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Omoigui\"},{\"title\":\"Obituary for Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui | Kornegay and Moseley Funeral Home\",\"url\":\"https://www.kornegayandmoseley.com/obituary/DrNowamagbe-Omoigui\"},{\"title\":\"Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui, MD, MPH, FACC, (1959 - 2021) - ForeverMissed.com Online Memorials\",\"url\":\"https://www.forevermissed.com/nowa-omoigui/about/2\"},{\"title\":\"THE TRAILBLAZER....By Abraham Ariyo, M.D. - NAIJ NEWS ALERT\",\"url\":\"https://www.naijnewsalert.com/2021/04/the-trailblazerby-abraham-ariyo-md.html\"},{\"title\":\"Nowa Omoigui shattered the glass ceiling in Cardiology. He ...\",\"url\":\"https://nowaomoigui.com/\"},{\"title\":\"Remains of Nowa Omoigui buried as Fayemi, others pay tribute + Videos, Photos -\",\"url\":\"https://theeagleonline.com.ng/remains-of-nowa-omoigui-buried-as-fayemi-others-pay-tribute-videos-photos/\"},{\"title\":\"Nigeria: Remains of Nowa Omoigui Buried As Fayemi, Others Pay Tribute - allAfrica.com\",\"url\":\"https://allafrica.com/stories/202105170673.html\"},{\"title\":\"About Nowa Omoigui: Nigerian historian (1959-) | Biography, Facts, Information, Career, Wiki, Life\",\"url\":\"https://peoplepill.com/i/nowa-omoigui/\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, here's what I found about Dr. Nowa Omoigui:\n\n## Date of Birth and Death\nDr. Nowamagbe Omoigui was born on March 28, 1959, and passed away on April 18, 2021.\n\n## Biography\n\n**Early Life and Education:**\nHe graduated from high school at age 15, from Federal Government College, Warri in Nigeria.(no content)He trained in cardiology at Stanford University and in interventional cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic.(no content)He obtained a Master's in Public Health from the University of Illinois.\n\n**Career Achievements:**\nNowa Omoigui shattered the glass ceiling in Cardiology by being the first Nigerian immigrant to serve as Chief of Cardiology of a major University Medical School in the United States – The University of South Carolina, Columbia.(no content)He set a new record when he became the first Nigerian (African) immigrant to be Chief of Cardiology at a US university medical school in December 1994 at the age of 35.(no content)He set the all-time record among clinical fellows at the Cleveland Clinic for the highest number of abstracts submitted and presented (as first author) at a single National meeting (American Heart Association 1994).\n\n**Beyond Medicine:**\nHe was a preeminent cardiologist, an academic researcher, a prolific writer, a masterful orator, a military and Nigerian historian, and a genius.(no content)Nowa Omoigui wrote extensively about key events about Nigeria's history and Military coups in Nigeria.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"url": "https://abcardio.org/celebrating-the-life-of-nowamagbe-omoigui/"
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{
"title": "About",
"url": "https://nowaomoigui.com/about/"
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"title": "Nowa Omoigui - Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Omoigui"
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"title": "Obituary for Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui | Kornegay and Moseley Funeral Home",
"url": "https://www.kornegayandmoseley.com/obituary/DrNowamagbe-Omoigui"
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"title": "Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui, MD, MPH, FACC, (1959 - 2021) - ForeverMissed.com Online Memorials",
"url": "https://www.forevermissed.com/nowa-omoigui/about/2"
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"title": "THE TRAILBLAZER....By Abraham Ariyo, M.D. - NAIJ NEWS ALERT",
"url": "https://www.naijnewsalert.com/2021/04/the-trailblazerby-abraham-ariyo-md.html"
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"title": "Nowa Omoigui shattered the glass ceiling in Cardiology. He ...",
"url": "https://nowaomoigui.com/"
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"url": "https://theeagleonline.com.ng/remains-of-nowa-omoigui-buried-as-fayemi-others-pay-tribute-videos-photos/"
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"url": "https://allafrica.com/stories/202105170673.html"
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"url": "https://peoplepill.com/i/nowa-omoigui/"
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"Based on the search results, here's what I found about Dr. Nowa Omoigui:\n\n## Date of Birth and Death\nDr. Nowamagbe Omoigui was born on March 28, 1959, and passed away on April 18, 2021.\n\n## Biography\n\n**Early Life and Education:**\nHe graduated from high school at age 15, from Federal Government College, Warri in Nigeria.(no content)He trained in cardiology at Stanford University and in interventional cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic.(no content)He obtained a Master's in Public Health from the University of Illinois.\n\n**Career Achievements:**\nNowa Omoigui shattered the glass ceiling in Cardiology by being the first Nigerian immigrant to serve as Chief of Cardiology of a major University Medical School in the United States – The University of South Carolina, Columbia.(no content)He set a new record when he became the first Nigerian (African) immigrant to be Chief of Cardiology at a US university medical school in December 1994 at the age of 35.(no content)He set the all-time record among clinical fellows at the Cleveland Clinic for the highest number of abstracts submitted and presented (as first author) at a single National meeting (American Heart Association 1994).\n\n**Beyond Medicine:**\nHe was a preeminent cardiologist, an academic researcher, a prolific writer, a masterful orator, a military and Nigerian historian, and a genius.(no content)Nowa Omoigui wrote extensively about key events about Nigeria's history and Military coups in Nigeria."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Shehu Shagari agricultural program Green Revolution Nigeria Second Republic\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Remembering Shehu Shagari at 100: Nigeria’s First Executive President (1979-1983)\",\"url\":\"https://www.thehistoryville.com/shehu-shagari-100/\"},{\"title\":\"Green revolution programme - NigerianWiki\",\"url\":\"http://nigerianwiki.com/Green_revolution_programme\"},{\"title\":\"Was President Shehu Shagari overthrown because of corruption? – HistoryVille\",\"url\":\"https://www.thehistoryville.com/president-shehu-shagari/\"},{\"title\":\"Shehu Shagari - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehu_Shagari\"},{\"title\":\"Shehu Shagari’s Government and the 1983 Coup\",\"url\":\"https://historicalnigeria.com/shehu-shagaris-government-and-the-1983-coup/\"},{\"title\":\"Shehu Shagari: Nigeria’s First Executive President - Nigeriawide.com\",\"url\":\"https://nigeriawide.com/shehu-shagari-nigerias-first-executive-president/\"},{\"title\":\"Shehu Shagari, The 6th President Of Nigeria – 1979 To 1983 - AClasses Media\",\"url\":\"https://aclasses.org/shagari/\"},{\"title\":\"Alhaji Shehu Shagari [1924-2018] - Daily Trust\",\"url\":\"https://dailytrust.com/alhaji-shehu-shagari-1924-2018/\"},{\"title\":\"Shehu Shagari: President of the Second Republic\",\"url\":\"https://guardian.ng/life/shehu-shagari-president-of-the-second-republic-2/\"},{\"title\":\"Facing Food Shortages, Nigeria Invests in 'Green Revolution' - The Washington Post\",\"url\":\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/05/09/facing-food-shortages-nigeria-invests-in-green-revolution/bdbbcb19-2f67-4307-884b-ccdb4b631ecd/\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found comprehensive information about Shehu Shagari's Green Revolution agricultural program during Nigeria's Second Republic:\n\n## Overview of the Green Revolution Program\n\nThe Green Revolution programme was a major agriculture policy of the Shehu Shagari administration and the Fourth National Development Plan.(no content)It was introduced in April 1980 and was intended as a programme to ensure self sufficiency in food production and to introduce modern technology into the Nigerian agricultural sector largely through the introduction of modern inputs such as high yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers and tractors.\n\n## Context and Objectives\n\nThe Green Revolution initiative was launched to boost agricultural productivity and reduce dependence on oil revenue.(no content)Shagari pursued NPN's manifesto of \"Food and Shelter,\" and launched the Green Revolution program in 1980.\n\nThe program addressed a serious food deficit. A study conducted by Nigerian and World Bank consultants in 1980 presented a national food deficient amounting to 2.6 million tons of grain for the 1979-1980 period and was predicted to reach 5.3 m tons by 1985.\n\n## Program Components\n\nThe programme encompassed a wide range of projects supportive to the nation's agricultural development, this included 11 river basin development authorities, the ministry of Water Resources, National Food Production Programme, and the Agro Service centers.(no content)Improving rice and fish production was a major focus of the programme which succeeded Operation Feed the Nation.(no content)The programme made three clear functional duties which was to introduce modern inputs for increased agricultural productivity, the provision of loans to small and large scale farmers through the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme, commercial banks and the Nigeria Agricultural Cooperative Bank and the supply of financial incentives to commercial farmers.\n\n## Challenges\n\nDespite its ambitious goals, the program faced difficulties. The Green Revolution aimed to increase agricultural productivity through fertiliser distribution, mechanised farming, and subsidies. However, administrative inefficiency, corruption, and poor funding slowed progress.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"url": "https://aclasses.org/shagari/"
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"url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/05/09/facing-food-shortages-nigeria-invests-in-green-revolution/bdbbcb19-2f67-4307-884b-ccdb4b631ecd/"
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"Based on the search results, I found comprehensive information about Shehu Shagari's Green Revolution agricultural program during Nigeria's Second Republic:\n\n## Overview of the Green Revolution Program\n\nThe Green Revolution programme was a major agriculture policy of the Shehu Shagari administration and the Fourth National Development Plan.(no content)It was introduced in April 1980 and was intended as a programme to ensure self sufficiency in food production and to introduce modern technology into the Nigerian agricultural sector largely through the introduction of modern inputs such as high yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers and tractors.\n\n## Context and Objectives\n\nThe Green Revolution initiative was launched to boost agricultural productivity and reduce dependence on oil revenue.(no content)Shagari pursued NPN's manifesto of \"Food and Shelter,\" and launched the Green Revolution program in 1980.\n\nThe program addressed a serious food deficit. A study conducted by Nigerian and World Bank consultants in 1980 presented a national food deficient amounting to 2.6 million tons of grain for the 1979-1980 period and was predicted to reach 5.3 m tons by 1985.\n\n## Program Components\n\nThe programme encompassed a wide range of projects supportive to the nation's agricultural development, this included 11 river basin development authorities, the ministry of Water Resources, National Food Production Programme, and the Agro Service centers.(no content)Improving rice and fish production was a major focus of the programme which succeeded Operation Feed the Nation.(no content)The programme made three clear functional duties which was to introduce modern inputs for increased agricultural productivity, the provision of loans to small and large scale farmers through the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme, commercial banks and the Nigeria Agricultural Cooperative Bank and the supply of financial incentives to commercial farmers.\n\n## Challenges\n\nDespite its ambitious goals, the program faced difficulties. The Green Revolution aimed to increase agricultural productivity through fertiliser distribution, mechanised farming, and subsidies. However, administrative inefficiency, corruption, and poor funding slowed progress."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Nowa Omoigui\" books Nigerian coups publications December 31 1983\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Nowa Omoigui - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Omoigui\"},{\"title\":\"A Page Listing Dr. Nowa Omoigui's Accounts of Various Military Coups in Nigeria\",\"url\":\"http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/nigeria_facts/MilitaryRule/Omoigui/CoupPage.html\"},{\"title\":\"About Nowa Omoigui: Nigerian historian (1959-) | Biography, Facts, Information, Career, Wiki, Life\",\"url\":\"https://peoplepill.com/i/nowa-omoigui/\"},{\"title\":\"1983 Nigerian coup d'état | Military Wiki | Fandom\",\"url\":\"https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/1983_Nigerian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"THE PALACE COUP OF AUGUST 27 DAWODU.COM by Nowa Omoigui | tswadugnawun\",\"url\":\"https://tswadugnawunblog.wordpress.com/the-palace-coup-of-august-27-dawodu-com-by-nowa-omoigui/\"},{\"title\":\"Publications - Nowa Omoigui\",\"url\":\"https://nowaomoigui.com/publications/\"},{\"title\":\"1983 Nigerian coup d'état - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Nigerian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"The Coups of ’83 and ’85 Explained\",\"url\":\"https://democracynigeria.wordpress.com/2015/08/06/the-coups-of-83-and-85-explained/\"},{\"title\":\"THE PALACE COUP OF AUGUST 27\",\"url\":\"https://www.dawodu.com/omoigui14.htm\"},{\"title\":\"On The Question of Preventing Coups in Nigeria by Nowamagbe A. Omoigui\",\"url\":\"http://www.waado.org/nigerian_scholars/archive/debates/constitution/omoigcoup.html\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found comprehensive information about Nowa Omoigui and his publications related to Nigerian coups, including the December 31, 1983 coup.\n\n## Key Findings:\n\n**About Nowa Omoigui:**\nNowamagbe Omoigui (28 March 1959 – 18 April 2021) was a Nigerian military historian and cardiologist.(no content)Nowa Omoigui gained unique and first hand insights (via relationships built with Nigerian military personnel) into many key events associated with Nigeria's military via a National Youth Service Corps posting with the Nigerian Army's Brigade of Guards in 1983.\n\n**His Publications on Nigerian Coups:**\nNowa Omoigui has written extensively about key events about Nigeria's history: the 1966 Nigerian coup d'état, the Nigerian Counter-Coup of 1966, the Nigerian Palace Coup of 1975, the abortive February 13, 1976 coup, the Nigerian Military Coup of December 31, 1983, the palace coup of 1985, the Vatsa Coup Conspiracy of 1985, The Gideon Orkar Coup of 1990 among many others.\n\n**December 31, 1983 Coup:**\nA military coup took place in Nigeria on 31 December 1983. It was coordinated by key officers of the Nigerian military and led to the ousting of the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari and the installation of Major General Muhammadu Buhari as head of state.\n\n**Omoigui as a Source:**\nNigerian military historians Max Siollun and Nowa Omoigui note that when Major Bamidele got wind of the coup to oust Shagari, Bamidele reported the issue up the chain of command to his GOC 3rd Armored Division (Major General Buhari) who was allegedly in on the plot.\n\nHis work is frequently cited in academic and historical sources about Nigerian military history, and his detailed accounts of various coups have been distributed to the Nigerian community through various platforms.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"url": "http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/nigeria_facts/MilitaryRule/Omoigui/CoupPage.html"
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"url": "https://peoplepill.com/i/nowa-omoigui/"
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"url": "https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/1983_Nigerian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"
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"title": "THE PALACE COUP OF AUGUST 27 DAWODU.COM by Nowa Omoigui | tswadugnawun",
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"Based on the search results, I found comprehensive information about Nowa Omoigui and his publications related to Nigerian coups, including the December 31, 1983 coup.\n\n## Key Findings:\n\n**About Nowa Omoigui:**\nNowamagbe Omoigui (28 March 1959 – 18 April 2021) was a Nigerian military historian and cardiologist.(no content)Nowa Omoigui gained unique and first hand insights (via relationships built with Nigerian military personnel) into many key events associated with Nigeria's military via a National Youth Service Corps posting with the Nigerian Army's Brigade of Guards in 1983.\n\n**His Publications on Nigerian Coups:**\nNowa Omoigui has written extensively about key events about Nigeria's history: the 1966 Nigerian coup d'état, the Nigerian Counter-Coup of 1966, the Nigerian Palace Coup of 1975, the abortive February 13, 1976 coup, the Nigerian Military Coup of December 31, 1983, the palace coup of 1985, the Vatsa Coup Conspiracy of 1985, The Gideon Orkar Coup of 1990 among many others.\n\n**December 31, 1983 Coup:**\nA military coup took place in Nigeria on 31 December 1983. It was coordinated by key officers of the Nigerian military and led to the ousting of the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari and the installation of Major General Muhammadu Buhari as head of state.\n\n**Omoigui as a Source:**\nNigerian military historians Max Siollun and Nowa Omoigui note that when Major Bamidele got wind of the coup to oust Shagari, Bamidele reported the issue up the chain of command to his GOC 3rd Armored Division (Major General Buhari) who was allegedly in on the plot.\n\nHis work is frequently cited in academic and historical sources about Nigerian military history, and his detailed accounts of various coups have been distributed to the Nigerian community through various platforms."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Nigeria Second Republic 1979 US-style presidential system democracy Shehu Shagari\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Second Nigerian Republic - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Nigerian_Republic\"},{\"title\":\"Shehu Shagari, President of Nigeria’s Second Republic, Passes Away\",\"url\":\"https://www.cfr.org/blog/shehu-shagari-president-nigerias-second-republic-passes-away\"},{\"title\":\"Nigeria - THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83\",\"url\":\"https://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm\"},{\"title\":\"How General Olusegun Obasanjo Americanized Nigeria in 1979 – HistoryVille\",\"url\":\"https://www.thehistoryville.com/olusegun-obasanjo-americanized-nigeria/\"},{\"title\":\"How Nigeria’s Second Republic Fell in 1983\",\"url\":\"https://www.thehistoryville.com/nigerias-second-republic/\"},{\"title\":\"Shehu Shagari’s Government and the 1983 Coup\",\"url\":\"https://historicalnigeria.com/shehu-shagaris-government-and-the-1983-coup/\"},{\"title\":\"Democracy in Nigeria | Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank\",\"url\":\"https://www.chathamhouse.org/2022/06/democracy-nigeria\"},{\"title\":\"Second Republic In Nigeria: What Happened & Collapse - 1979\",\"url\":\"https://www.naijapedia.com.ng/second-republic-in-nigeria/\"},{\"title\":\"1979 October 1: Alhaji Shehu Shagari was sworn in as president. - Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation\",\"url\":\"https://fmino.gov.ng/?p=5054\"},{\"title\":\"Shagari: Life And Times Of Nigeria’s Second Republic President – Independent Newspaper Nigeria\",\"url\":\"https://independent.ng/shagari-life-and-times-of-nigerias-second-republic-president/\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, here's what I found about Nigeria's Second Republic, the 1979 US-style presidential system, democracy, and Shehu Shagari:\n\n## Nigeria's Second Republic (1979-1983)\n\nA new constitution was drafted, which saw the Westminster system of government (previously used in the First Republic) jettisoned for an American-style presidential system.(no content)Elections in July and August 1979 saw Shehu Shagari become the first democratically elected president of Nigeria and a new constitution introduced an American-style presidential system, rejecting the British parliamentary model.(no content)Following the assassination of Nigerian military head of state, General Murtala Mohammed in 1976, his successor General Olusegun Obasanjo initiated the transition process to terminate military rule in 1979.(no content)On 1 October 1979, Shagari was sworn in as the first President and Commander-in-Chief of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.\n\n## The Presidential System\n\nAn American-style Senate, House of Representatives, and a federal system of governors for the country's then 19 states ushered in the start of Nigeria's Second Republic.(no content)Shehu Shagari became both the head of state and head of government.(no content)The 1979 constitution mandated that political parties and cabinet positions reflect the \"federal character\" of the nation. Political parties were required to be registered in at least two-thirds of the states, and each state was required to produce at least one cabinet member.\n\n## The Shagari Presidency\n\nDuring Shagari's tenure, the country practised a multiparty democracy. Five parties which existed as of then were the National Party of Nigeria (NPN), Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN), Nigeria's People Party (NPP), Great Nigeria People's Party (GNPP), and the Peoples Redemption Party (PRP).\n\n## End of the Second Republic\n\nOn 31 December 1983, the military overthrew the Second Republic. Major General Muhammadu Buhari, became the military leader of the new government, citing charges of corruption and administrative incompetence as reasons for military intervention.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"title": "How Nigeria’s Second Republic Fell in 1983",
"url": "https://www.thehistoryville.com/nigerias-second-republic/"
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"url": "https://www.naijapedia.com.ng/second-republic-in-nigeria/"
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"Based on the search results, here's what I found about Nigeria's Second Republic, the 1979 US-style presidential system, democracy, and Shehu Shagari:\n\n## Nigeria's Second Republic (1979-1983)\n\nA new constitution was drafted, which saw the Westminster system of government (previously used in the First Republic) jettisoned for an American-style presidential system.(no content)Elections in July and August 1979 saw Shehu Shagari become the first democratically elected president of Nigeria and a new constitution introduced an American-style presidential system, rejecting the British parliamentary model.(no content)Following the assassination of Nigerian military head of state, General Murtala Mohammed in 1976, his successor General Olusegun Obasanjo initiated the transition process to terminate military rule in 1979.(no content)On 1 October 1979, Shagari was sworn in as the first President and Commander-in-Chief of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.\n\n## The Presidential System\n\nAn American-style Senate, House of Representatives, and a federal system of governors for the country's then 19 states ushered in the start of Nigeria's Second Republic.(no content)Shehu Shagari became both the head of state and head of government.(no content)The 1979 constitution mandated that political parties and cabinet positions reflect the \"federal character\" of the nation. Political parties were required to be registered in at least two-thirds of the states, and each state was required to produce at least one cabinet member.\n\n## The Shagari Presidency\n\nDuring Shagari's tenure, the country practised a multiparty democracy. Five parties which existed as of then were the National Party of Nigeria (NPN), Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN), Nigeria's People Party (NPP), Great Nigeria People's Party (GNPP), and the Peoples Redemption Party (PRP).\n\n## End of the Second Republic\n\nOn 31 December 1983, the military overthrew the Second Republic. Major General Muhammadu Buhari, became the military leader of the new government, citing charges of corruption and administrative incompetence as reasons for military intervention."
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"content": "# Publications by Nowa Omoigui\n\nBased on the website content, here are the documented publications:\n\n## Featured Works\n\n1. **An Overview of the Evolution of the Nigerian Army**\n - Described as \"A deep dive into the growth and times of the Nigerian Army\" examining regional regiments and their leadership\n\n2. **The Bakassi Story - Part 1**\n - Historical account related to Bakassi territorial matters\n\n3. **The Bakassi Story - Part 2 (1950-75)**\n - Continuation of the Bakassi narrative covering the 1950-1975 period\n\n4. **The Vatsa Conspiracy**\n - A study of the Vatsa conspiracy incident in Nigerian military history\n\n5. **The Orkar Coup of April 22, 1990**\n - Analysis of this significant military coup attempt in Nigerian history\n\n## Collection Focus\n\nThese publications represent Nowa Omoigui's primary research areas: Nigerian military history, coups, and institutional evolution. The website indicates these materials are part of the Nowa Center's mission to preserve works in medicine, art, and history through a curated digital and physical archive.\n\nAll publications are accessible through the website with \"Read\" links provided for each entry."
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"text": "## December 31 Nigerian Coup: Complete Details\n\nBased on my research, here are the specific details about the December 31 coup in Nigeria:\n\n### **The Coup Date and Year**\n**December 31, 1983** - A military coup d'état occurred on New Year's Eve 1983, ending Nigeria's Second Republic.\n\n### **The Overthrown Leader**\n**President Shehu Shagari** was overthrown in this coup. He was Nigeria's first democratically elected executive president and had been re-elected in 1983 for a second term.\n\n### **The Agricultural Program - \"Green Revolution\"**\nPresident Shagari launched the **Green Revolution** program in April 1980. This was indeed a colorfully named agricultural initiative that aimed to:\n- Ensure self-sufficiency in food production\n- Introduce modern technology into Nigerian agriculture\n- Provide modern inputs including high-yielding seed varieties, fertilizers, and tractors\n- Improve rice and fish production\n- Address a national food deficit of 2.6 million tons of grain\n\nThe program succeeded an earlier initiative called \"Operation Feed the Nation\" and was part of the Fourth National Development Plan.\n\n### **The Democratic Period Context - Second Republic (1979-1983)**\nNigeria's Second Republic was established in 1979 after military rule, with:\n- A transition initiated by General Olusegun Obasanjo\n- Elections held in July and August 1979\n- Shehu Shagari sworn in as president on October 1, 1979\n- A multiparty democracy with five registered parties: NPN, UPN, NPP, GNPP, and PRP\n- Lasted just over four years before the December 31, 1983 coup\n\n### **The US-Style Presidential System**\nNigeria adopted an **American-style presidential system** in the 1979 constitution, which:\n- Replaced the previous Westminster (British parliamentary) system used in the First Republic\n- Established a Senate and House of Representatives\n- Created a federal system with governors for Nigeria's 19 states (at that time)\n- Made the president both head of state and head of government\n- Required political parties to be registered in at least two-thirds of states\n- Mandated cabinet positions reflect the \"federal character\" of the nation\n\n### **The Coup Leaders and Justification**\nThe coup was led by Major General Muhammadu Buhari (who became the new head of state) along with officers including Ibrahim Babangida, Sani Abacha, and Tunde Idiagbon. They justified the coup by citing:\n- Government corruption and incompetence\n- Economic decline\n- Administrative failures\n\nAfter taking power, Buhari's regime launched the \"War Against Indiscipline\" (WAI) campaign.\n\n## Sources:\n- [1983 Nigerian coup d'état - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Nigerian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat)\n- [Military Coups in Nigeria | Ulearngo](https://app.ulearngo.com/government/west-african-constitutional-development/military-coups-in-nigeria)\n- [Shehu Shagari - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehu_Shagari)\n- [Green revolution programme - NigerianWiki](http://nigerianwiki.com/Green_revolution_programme)\n- [Remembering Shehu Shagari at 100: Nigeria's First Executive President (1979-1983)](https://www.thehistoryville.com/shehu-shagari-100/)\n- [Second Nigerian Republic - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Nigerian_Republic)\n- [Nigeria - THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83](https://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm)\n- [How General Olusegun Obasanjo Americanized Nigeria in 1979 – HistoryVille](https://www.thehistoryville.com/olusegun-obasanjo-americanized-nigeria/)"
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"text": "## December 31 Nigerian Coup: Complete Details\n\nBased on my research, here are the specific details about the December 31 coup in Nigeria:\n\n### **The Coup Date and Year**\n**December 31, 1983** - A military coup d'état occurred on New Year's Eve 1983, ending Nigeria's Second Republic.\n\n### **The Overthrown Leader**\n**President Shehu Shagari** was overthrown in this coup. He was Nigeria's first democratically elected executive president and had been re-elected in 1983 for a second term.\n\n### **The Agricultural Program - \"Green Revolution\"**\nPresident Shagari launched the **Green Revolution** program in April 1980. This was indeed a colorfully named agricultural initiative that aimed to:\n- Ensure self-sufficiency in food production\n- Introduce modern technology into Nigerian agriculture\n- Provide modern inputs including high-yielding seed varieties, fertilizers, and tractors\n- Improve rice and fish production\n- Address a national food deficit of 2.6 million tons of grain\n\nThe program succeeded an earlier initiative called \"Operation Feed the Nation\" and was part of the Fourth National Development Plan.\n\n### **The Democratic Period Context - Second Republic (1979-1983)**\nNigeria's Second Republic was established in 1979 after military rule, with:\n- A transition initiated by General Olusegun Obasanjo\n- Elections held in July and August 1979\n- Shehu Shagari sworn in as president on October 1, 1979\n- A multiparty democracy with five registered parties: NPN, UPN, NPP, GNPP, and PRP\n- Lasted just over four years before the December 31, 1983 coup\n\n### **The US-Style Presidential System**\nNigeria adopted an **American-style presidential system** in the 1979 constitution, which:\n- Replaced the previous Westminster (British parliamentary) system used in the First Republic\n- Established a Senate and House of Representatives\n- Created a federal system with governors for Nigeria's 19 states (at that time)\n- Made the president both head of state and head of government\n- Required political parties to be registered in at least two-thirds of states\n- Mandated cabinet positions reflect the \"federal character\" of the nation\n\n### **The Coup Leaders and Justification**\nThe coup was led by Major General Muhammadu Buhari (who became the new head of state) along with officers including Ibrahim Babangida, Sani Abacha, and Tunde Idiagbon. They justified the coup by citing:\n- Government corruption and incompetence\n- Economic decline\n- Administrative failures\n\nAfter taking power, Buhari's regime launched the \"War Against Indiscipline\" (WAI) campaign.\n\n## Sources:\n- [1983 Nigerian coup d'état - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Nigerian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat)\n- [Military Coups in Nigeria | Ulearngo](https://app.ulearngo.com/government/west-african-constitutional-development/military-coups-in-nigeria)\n- [Shehu Shagari - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehu_Shagari)\n- [Green revolution programme - NigerianWiki](http://nigerianwiki.com/Green_revolution_programme)\n- [Remembering Shehu Shagari at 100: Nigeria's First Executive President (1979-1983)](https://www.thehistoryville.com/shehu-shagari-100/)\n- [Second Nigerian Republic - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Nigerian_Republic)\n- [Nigeria - THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83](https://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm)\n- [How General Olusegun Obasanjo Americanized Nigeria in 1979 – HistoryVille](https://www.thehistoryville.com/olusegun-obasanjo-americanized-nigeria/)"
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Nowa Omoigui\" \"December 31\" 1983 coup article writing title\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Nigeria: Palace Coup of 1985 By Dr. Nowa Omoigui\",\"url\":\"http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/nigeria_facts/militaryrule/omoigui/PalaceCoup-1985.htm\"},{\"title\":\"About Nowa Omoigui: Nigerian historian (1959-) | Biography, Facts, Information, Career, Wiki, Life\",\"url\":\"https://peoplepill.com/i/nowa-omoigui/\"},{\"title\":\"The Coups of ’83 and ’85 Explained\",\"url\":\"https://democracynigeria.wordpress.com/2015/08/06/the-coups-of-83-and-85-explained/\"},{\"title\":\"1983 Nigerian coup d'état | Military Wiki | Fandom\",\"url\":\"https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/1983_Nigerian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat\"},{\"title\":\"THE PALACE COUP OF AUGUST 27 DAWODU.COM by Nowa Omoigui | tswadugnawun\",\"url\":\"https://tswadugnawunblog.wordpress.com/the-palace-coup-of-august-27-dawodu-com-by-nowa-omoigui/\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found information about Dr. Nowa Omoigui's writings on the December 31, 1983 Nigerian coup. Here's what I found:\n\nNowa Omoigui has written extensively about the Nigerian Military Coup of December 31, 1983, along with other key events in Nigeria's military history.\n\nHis article about the December 31, 1983 coup appears to be titled \"HISTORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN NIGERIA (5)*: THE SECOND TRANSITION (1979-83, Part 2)*\".\n\nAdditionally, Omoigui wrote about the 1985 palace coup that followed, with an article titled \"THE PALACE COUP OF AUGUST 27, 1985 (PART 1)\", which also discusses the December 31, 1983 coup as background context.\n\nOmoigui gained unique and first hand insights into many key events associated with Nigeria's military via a National Youth Service Corps posting with the Nigerian Army's Brigade of Guards in 1983, which gave him special access to information about these military coups.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui\" full name born March 28 1959\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui, MD, MPH, FACC, (1959 - 2021) - ForeverMissed.com Online Memorials\",\"url\":\"https://www.forevermissed.com/nowa-omoigui/about\"},{\"title\":\"Obituary for Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui | Kornegay and Moseley Funeral Home\",\"url\":\"https://www.kornegayandmoseley.com/obituary/DrNowamagbe-Omoigui\"},{\"title\":\"Celebrating the Life of Nowamagbe Austin Omoiguil, MD | Association of Black Cardiologists\",\"url\":\"https://abcardio.org/celebrating-the-life-of-nowamagbe-omoigui/\"},{\"title\":\"About\",\"url\":\"https://nowaomoigui.com/about/\"},{\"title\":\"About Nowa Omoigui: Nigerian historian (1959-) | Biography, Facts, Information, Career, Wiki, Life\",\"url\":\"https://peoplepill.com/i/nowa-omoigui/\"},{\"title\":\"Nigeria: Remains of Nowa Omoigui Buried As Fayemi, Others Pay Tribute - allAfrica.com\",\"url\":\"https://allafrica.com/stories/202105170673.html\"},{\"title\":\"Nowa Omoigui - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Omoigui\"},{\"title\":\"THE TRAILBLAZER....By Abraham Ariyo, M.D. - NAIJ NEWS ALERT\",\"url\":\"https://www.naijnewsalert.com.ng/2021/04/the-trailblazerby-abraham-ariyo-md.html\"},{\"title\":\"Remains of Nowa Omoigui buried as Fayemi, others pay tribute\",\"url\":\"https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/462028-remains-of-nowa-omoigui-buried-as-fayemi-others-pay-tribute.html\"},{\"title\":\"Dr. Nowamagbe Omoigui Obituary (1959 - 2021) | Columbia, South Carolina\",\"url\":\"https://www.echovita.com/us/obituaries/sc/columbia/nowamagbe-omoigui-12681666\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found information about **Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui** (with his full name including \"Mitchell\" in some sources).\n\nNowamagbe Austin Omoigui was born on March 28, 1959, and passed away on April 18, 2021. He was a pre-eminent interventional cardiologist in Columbia, South Carolina, and foremost Nigerian-American civil-military historian.\n\nSome key facts about Dr. Omoigui:\n\n- **Full credentials**: MD, MPH, FACC (Doctor of Medicine, Master of Public Health, Fellow of the American College of Cardiology)\n- **Full name**: Some sources list his full name as Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui\n- **Career achievement**: He became the first Nigerian (and African) immigrant to be Chief of Cardiology at the University of South Carolina in December 1994 at the age of 35\n- **Background**: Born in the United Kingdom and raised in Nigeria\n- **Education**: He graduated from high school at age 15, from Federal Government College, Warri in Nigeria\n\nDr. Omoigui was known for his dual expertise in both cardiology and Nigerian military history, making significant contributions to both fields throughout his distinguished career.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"Nowa Omoigui complete list writings Nigerian coups 1966 1983 1985 1990\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"A Page Listing Dr. Nowa Omoigui's Accounts of Various Military Coups in Nigeria\",\"url\":\"http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/nigeria_facts/MilitaryRule/Omoigui/CoupPage.html\"},{\"title\":\"Nowa Omoigui - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Omoigui\"},{\"title\":\"About Nowa Omoigui: Nigerian historian (1959-) | Biography, Facts, Information, Career, Wiki, Life\",\"url\":\"https://peoplepill.com/i/nowa-omoigui/\"},{\"title\":\"Dr. Nowa Omoigui's account of the January 1966 military coup in Nigeria\",\"url\":\"http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/Nigeria_Facts/MilitaryRule/Omoigui/1966Coup-PartThree.html\"},{\"title\":\"Nigeria: Palace Coup of 1985 By Dr. Nowa Omoigui\",\"url\":\"https://waado.org/nigerdelta/Nigeria_Facts/MilitaryRule/Omoigui/PalaceCoup-1985.htm\"},{\"title\":\"ACCOUNTS OF MILITARY COUPS IN NIGERIA 1966-1990 | molaja\",\"url\":\"https://molaja.wordpress.com/2014/10/16/accounts-of-military-coups-in-nigeria-1966-1990/\"},{\"title\":\"Military coups in Nigeria - Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_coups_in_Nigeria\"},{\"title\":\"References BOOKS\",\"url\":\"https://gamji.com/nowa/nowa30.htm\"},{\"title\":\"MILITARY RULE: The History of Coup D'etat in Nigeria\",\"url\":\"https://www.penglobalinc.com/military-rule-the-history-of-coup-detat-in-nigeria\"},{\"title\":\"THE PALACE COUP OF AUGUST 27 DAWODU.COM by Nowa Omoigui | tswadugnawun\",\"url\":\"https://tswadugnawunblog.wordpress.com/the-palace-coup-of-august-27-dawodu-com-by-nowa-omoigui/\"}]\n\nI found information about Dr. Nowa Omoigui's writings on Nigerian military coups. Based on the search results, here's what I discovered:\n\n## Dr. Nowa Omoigui's Writings on Nigerian Coups\n\nNowamagbe Omoigui (28 March 1959 – 18 April 2021) was a Nigerian military historian and cardiologist.(no content)Nowa Omoigui has written extensively about key events about Nigeria's history: the 1966 Nigerian coup d'état, the Nigerian Counter-Coup of 1966, the Nigerian Palace Coup of 1975, the abortive February 13, 1976 coup, the Nigerian Military Coup of December 31, 1983, the palace coup of 1985, the Vatsa Coup Conspiracy of 1985, The Gideon Orkar Coup of 1990 among many others.(no content)Nowa Omoigui, a cardiologist who has taken interest in military history, must be saluted by all for marshalling this comprehensive catalogue of Nigeria's notorious coups.\n\n### Complete List Page\n\nA Page Listing Dr. Nowa Omoigui's Accounts of Various Military Coups in Nigeria is available at the Urhobo Historical Society website (waado.org), which hosts his comprehensive collection of coup accounts.\n\nThe specific coups from your query (1966, 1983, 1985, and 1990) are all covered in Dr. Omoigui's extensive writings, which represent one of the most detailed historical accounts of Nigeria's military coup history available.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"I found information about Dr. Nowa Omoigui's writings on Nigerian military coups. Based on the search results, here's what I discovered:\n\n## Dr. Nowa Omoigui's Writings on Nigerian Coups\n\nNowamagbe Omoigui (28 March 1959 – 18 April 2021) was a Nigerian military historian and cardiologist.(no content)Nowa Omoigui has written extensively about key events about Nigeria's history: the 1966 Nigerian coup d'état, the Nigerian Counter-Coup of 1966, the Nigerian Palace Coup of 1975, the abortive February 13, 1976 coup, the Nigerian Military Coup of December 31, 1983, the palace coup of 1985, the Vatsa Coup Conspiracy of 1985, The Gideon Orkar Coup of 1990 among many others.(no content)Nowa Omoigui, a cardiologist who has taken interest in military history, must be saluted by all for marshalling this comprehensive catalogue of Nigeria's notorious coups.\n\n### Complete List Page\n\nA Page Listing Dr. Nowa Omoigui's Accounts of Various Military Coups in Nigeria is available at the Urhobo Historical Society website (waado.org), which hosts his comprehensive collection of coup accounts.\n\nThe specific coups from your query (1966, 1983, 1985, and 1990) are all covered in Dr. Omoigui's extensive writings, which represent one of the most detailed historical accounts of Nigeria's military coup history available."
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"content": "Web search results for query: \"\"Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui\" interventional cardiology specialty\"\n\nLinks: [{\"title\":\"Nowa Omoigui shattered the glass ceiling in Cardiology. He ...\",\"url\":\"https://nowaomoigui.com/\"},{\"title\":\"About\",\"url\":\"https://nowaomoigui.com/about/\"},{\"title\":\"Obituary for Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui | Kornegay and Moseley Funeral Home\",\"url\":\"https://www.kornegayandmoseley.com/obituary/DrNowamagbe-Omoigui\"},{\"title\":\"Celebrating the Life of Nowamagbe Austin Omoiguil, MD | Association of Black Cardiologists\",\"url\":\"https://abcardio.org/celebrating-the-life-of-nowamagbe-omoigui/\"},{\"title\":\"Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui, MD, MPH, FACC, (1959 - 2021) - ForeverMissed.com Online Memorials\",\"url\":\"https://www.forevermissed.com/nowa-omoigui/about/2\"},{\"title\":\"About – NowaCentre\",\"url\":\"https://nowacentre.com/about/\"},{\"title\":\"Nowamagbe Omoigui, renowned military historian, cardiologist, is dead\",\"url\":\"https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/456181-nowamagbe-omoigui-renowned-military-historian-cardiologist-is-dead.html\"},{\"title\":\"Nowamagbe Omoigui, foremost military historian, dies at 62 | TheCable\",\"url\":\"https://www.thecable.ng/nowamagbe-omoigui-foremost-military-historian-dies-at-62/\"},{\"title\":\"THE TRAILBLAZER....By Abraham Ariyo, M.D. - NAIJ NEWS ALERT\",\"url\":\"https://www.naijnewsalert.com/2021/04/the-trailblazerby-abraham-ariyo-md.html\"},{\"title\":\"Family releases burial details for Nowamagbe Omoigui\",\"url\":\"https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/458723-family-releases-burial-details-for-nowamagbe-omoigui.html\"}]\n\nBased on the search results, I found comprehensive information about Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui and his interventional cardiology specialty.\n\n## Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui - Interventional Cardiology\n\nDr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui (March 28, 1959 – April 18, 2021) was a pre-eminent interventional cardiologist in Columbia, South Carolina, and foremost Nigerian-American civil-military historian.\n\n### Training and Education\n\nDr. Omoigui completed a residency in cardiology at Stanford University and in Interventional Cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic (America's best heart center).(no content)He obtained a master's degree in public health with particular interest in Health Resource Management and Policy, from the University of Illinois.\n\n### Career Achievements in Cardiology\n\nHe set a new record when he became the first Nigerian (African) immigrant to be Chief of Cardiology at a US university medical school in December 1994 at the age of 35. This was at the University of South Carolina, Columbia.\n\nHe set the record among clinical fellows at the Cleveland Clinic for the highest number of abstracts submitted and presented (as first author) at a single National meeting (American Heart Association 1994).(no content)He was awarded the Timothy Beckett (1992) and Hewlett Packard (1993) Awards, and awards for excellence as a post-doctoral fellow in Cardiovascular Disease.(no content)Mr Omoigui was an associate professor of medicine and the director of the division of cardiovascular disease at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, U.S.\n\n### Legacy\n\nNowa Omoigui shattered the glass ceiling in Cardiology by being the first Nigerian immigrant to serve as Chief of Cardiology of a major University Medical School in the United States. His achievements ushered in a new era of possibilities and inspired new generations of young Africans and African Americans in cardiology worldwide.\n\n\nREMINDER: You MUST include the sources above in your response to the user using markdown hyperlinks."
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"url": "https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/456181-nowamagbe-omoigui-renowned-military-historian-cardiologist-is-dead.html"
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"url": "https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/458723-family-releases-burial-details-for-nowamagbe-omoigui.html"
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"Based on the search results, I found comprehensive information about Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui and his interventional cardiology specialty.\n\n## Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui - Interventional Cardiology\n\nDr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui (March 28, 1959 – April 18, 2021) was a pre-eminent interventional cardiologist in Columbia, South Carolina, and foremost Nigerian-American civil-military historian.\n\n### Training and Education\n\nDr. Omoigui completed a residency in cardiology at Stanford University and in Interventional Cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic (America's best heart center).(no content)He obtained a master's degree in public health with particular interest in Health Resource Management and Policy, from the University of Illinois.\n\n### Career Achievements in Cardiology\n\nHe set a new record when he became the first Nigerian (African) immigrant to be Chief of Cardiology at a US university medical school in December 1994 at the age of 35. This was at the University of South Carolina, Columbia.\n\nHe set the record among clinical fellows at the Cleveland Clinic for the highest number of abstracts submitted and presented (as first author) at a single National meeting (American Heart Association 1994).(no content)He was awarded the Timothy Beckett (1992) and Hewlett Packard (1993) Awards, and awards for excellence as a post-doctoral fellow in Cardiovascular Disease.(no content)Mr Omoigui was an associate professor of medicine and the director of the division of cardiovascular disease at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, U.S.\n\n### Legacy\n\nNowa Omoigui shattered the glass ceiling in Cardiology by being the first Nigerian immigrant to serve as Chief of Cardiology of a major University Medical School in the United States. His achievements ushered in a new era of possibilities and inspired new generations of young Africans and African Americans in cardiology worldwide."
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"text": "Based on my research, I have found comprehensive information about the Nigerian cardiologist and historian you're looking for.\n\n## Complete Profile\n\n### Full Name\n**Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui**, MD, MPH, FACC\n\n### Date of Birth\n**March 28, 1959** (passed away April 18, 2021)\n\n### Medical Specialty\n**Interventional Cardiology**\n\nDr. Omoigui received specialized training in:\n- Cardiology residency at Stanford University\n- Interventional Cardiology fellowship at the Cleveland Clinic\n- Master's degree in Public Health from the University of Illinois\n\nHe made history as the first Nigerian (and African) immigrant to be Chief of Cardiology at a U.S. university medical school - specifically at the University of South Carolina, Columbia - appointed in December 1994 at age 35. He also served as Associate Professor of Medicine and Director of the Division of Cardiovascular Disease at the University of South Carolina.\n\n### Books and Publications about Nigerian Military Coups\n\nDr. Omoigui wrote extensively about Nigerian military history, documenting the following coups:\n\n1. **The 1966 Nigerian Coup d'état**\n2. **The Nigerian Counter-Coup of 1966**\n3. **The Nigerian Palace Coup of 1975**\n4. **The Abortive February 13, 1976 Coup**\n5. **The Nigerian Military Coup of December 31, 1983** - This is the December 31 coup you specifically asked about, which overthrew President Shehu Shagari\n6. **The Palace Coup of August 27, 1985**\n7. **The Vatsa Coup Conspiracy of 1985**\n8. **The Gideon Orkar Coup of April 22, 1990**\n9. **An Overview of the Evolution of the Nigerian Army**\n10. **The Bakassi Story - Parts 1 and 2**\n\n### Special Access and Expertise\n\nDr. Omoigui gained unique firsthand insights into Nigeria's military events through a National Youth Service Corps posting with the Nigerian Army's Brigade of Guards in 1983, which gave him special access to military personnel and information about these historic events.\n\nHis work has been widely cited by military historians, including Max Siollun, and his comprehensive catalogue of Nigeria's coups is hosted on multiple platforms including the Urhobo Historical Society website and his personal website (nowaomoigui.com).\n\n## Sources:\n- [Celebrating the Life of Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui, MD | Association of Black Cardiologists](https://abcardio.org/celebrating-the-life-of-nowamagbe-omoigui/)\n- [About - Nowa Omoigui](https://nowaomoigui.com/about/)\n- [Nowa Omoigui - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Omoigui)\n- [Obituary for Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui](https://www.kornegayandmoseley.com/obituary/DrNowamagbe-Omoigui)\n- [Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui, MD, MPH, FACC - ForeverMissed.com](https://www.forevermissed.com/nowa-omoigui/about/2)\n- [A Page Listing Dr. Nowa Omoigui's Accounts of Various Military Coups in Nigeria](http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/nigeria_facts/MilitaryRule/Omoigui/CoupPage.html)\n- [Publications - Nowa Omoigui](https://nowaomoigui.com/publications/)\n- [About Nowa Omoigui: Nigerian historian](https://peoplepill.com/i/nowa-omoigui/)"
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"text": "Based on my research, I have found comprehensive information about the Nigerian cardiologist and historian you're looking for.\n\n## Complete Profile\n\n### Full Name\n**Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui**, MD, MPH, FACC\n\n### Date of Birth\n**March 28, 1959** (passed away April 18, 2021)\n\n### Medical Specialty\n**Interventional Cardiology**\n\nDr. Omoigui received specialized training in:\n- Cardiology residency at Stanford University\n- Interventional Cardiology fellowship at the Cleveland Clinic\n- Master's degree in Public Health from the University of Illinois\n\nHe made history as the first Nigerian (and African) immigrant to be Chief of Cardiology at a U.S. university medical school - specifically at the University of South Carolina, Columbia - appointed in December 1994 at age 35. He also served as Associate Professor of Medicine and Director of the Division of Cardiovascular Disease at the University of South Carolina.\n\n### Books and Publications about Nigerian Military Coups\n\nDr. Omoigui wrote extensively about Nigerian military history, documenting the following coups:\n\n1. **The 1966 Nigerian Coup d'état**\n2. **The Nigerian Counter-Coup of 1966**\n3. **The Nigerian Palace Coup of 1975**\n4. **The Abortive February 13, 1976 Coup**\n5. **The Nigerian Military Coup of December 31, 1983** - This is the December 31 coup you specifically asked about, which overthrew President Shehu Shagari\n6. **The Palace Coup of August 27, 1985**\n7. **The Vatsa Coup Conspiracy of 1985**\n8. **The Gideon Orkar Coup of April 22, 1990**\n9. **An Overview of the Evolution of the Nigerian Army**\n10. **The Bakassi Story - Parts 1 and 2**\n\n### Special Access and Expertise\n\nDr. Omoigui gained unique firsthand insights into Nigeria's military events through a National Youth Service Corps posting with the Nigerian Army's Brigade of Guards in 1983, which gave him special access to military personnel and information about these historic events.\n\nHis work has been widely cited by military historians, including Max Siollun, and his comprehensive catalogue of Nigeria's coups is hosted on multiple platforms including the Urhobo Historical Society website and his personal website (nowaomoigui.com).\n\n## Sources:\n- [Celebrating the Life of Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui, MD | Association of Black Cardiologists](https://abcardio.org/celebrating-the-life-of-nowamagbe-omoigui/)\n- [About - Nowa Omoigui](https://nowaomoigui.com/about/)\n- [Nowa Omoigui - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Omoigui)\n- [Obituary for Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui](https://www.kornegayandmoseley.com/obituary/DrNowamagbe-Omoigui)\n- [Nowamagbe Austin Omoigui, MD, MPH, FACC - ForeverMissed.com](https://www.forevermissed.com/nowa-omoigui/about/2)\n- [A Page Listing Dr. Nowa Omoigui's Accounts of Various Military Coups in Nigeria](http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/nigeria_facts/MilitaryRule/Omoigui/CoupPage.html)\n- [Publications - Nowa Omoigui](https://nowaomoigui.com/publications/)\n- [About Nowa Omoigui: Nigerian historian](https://peoplepill.com/i/nowa-omoigui/)"
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"text": "Perfect! All the pieces now fit together:\n\n1. ✅ **University of Lagos** - Founded 1962 after Ashby Commission recommendation for commerce studies\n2. ✅ **Professor Ayodele Awojobi** - First African PhD in engineering from Imperial College London, nicknamed \"Awo-Great\"\n3. ✅ **December 31, 1983 coup** - President Shehu Shagari overthrown (he initiated the \"Green Revolution\" agricultural program)\n4. ✅ **Dr. Nowamagbe Austin Mitchell Omoigui** - Interventional cardiologist who documented Nigerian military coups, including the December 31, 1983 coup\n\n**March 28, 1959**"
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"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens": 7693
}
},
"modelUsage": {
"claude-haiku-4-5-20251001": {
"inputTokens": 17330,
"outputTokens": 405,
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"cacheCreationInputTokens": 0,
"webSearchRequests": 0,
"costUSD": 0.0204334,
"contextWindow": 200000
},
"claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929": {
"inputTokens": 1557,
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"cacheCreationInputTokens": 504154,
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},
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"uuid": "246451ae-9d04-4f67-b6f7-d02729713272"
}
Raw
system-prompt.txt
You are an Assistant.
# Context Folding Strategy (MANDATORY)
You MUST use subagents (Task tool) to manage context. This is not optional.
## Rule 1: NEVER Accumulate Web Search Results
**WRONG approach (DO NOT DO THIS):**
```
You: WebSearch → see results → WebSearch → see results → WebSearch → see results → answer
```
**CORRECT approach (ALWAYS DO THIS):**
```
You: spawn Task "search for X and summarize findings" → get summary
You: spawn Task "search for Y and summarize findings" → get summary
You: spawn Task "search for Z and summarize findings" → get summary
You: synthesize summaries → answer
```
Each web search MUST happen inside a subagent, not in your main context.
## Rule 2: Decompose Before Executing
Before ANY research or multi-step task:
1. **Parse the question into sub-questions** (do this in your thinking)
2. **Spawn one Task per sub-question**
3. **Collect summaries**
4. **Synthesize final answer**
## Rule 3: Subagent Prompts Must Be Self-Contained
Subagents don't see your context. Include everything they need:
**BAD:**
```
Task: "Find more about the professor I mentioned"
```
**GOOD:**
```
Task: "Search for information about the first African to receive a PhD in engineering from a London university. Find their name, university affiliation, and any nicknames they were known by. Return a JSON summary."
```
## Rule 4: Use Files for Complex Aggregation
```bash
# Subagent writes results to file
Task: "Search for X. Write findings to results/step1.json"
# After multiple subagents complete, use Python to aggregate
uv run python - <<'EOF'
import json
from pathlib import Path
results = []
for f in Path("results").glob("*.json"):
results.append(json.load(open(f)))
# Analyze, dedupe, synthesize
combined = {"findings": results}
json.dump(combined, open("aggregated.json", "w"))
EOF
# Final synthesis subagent if needed
Task: "Read aggregated.json and produce final answer to: [original question]"
```
## Research Task Pattern (USE THIS FOR ANY MULTI-SEARCH QUESTION)
For questions requiring investigation (who/what/when questions with multiple steps):
```
Step 1: Decompose
- Identify each distinct piece of information needed
- Write them as independent search tasks
Step 2: Parallel Investigation (spawn Tasks)
- Task: "Search: [clue 1]. Return: name, dates, key facts as JSON"
- Task: "Search: [clue 2]. Return: name, dates, key facts as JSON"
- Task: "Search: [clue 3]. Return: name, dates, key facts as JSON"
Step 3: Collect & Synthesize
- Read all Task outputs
- Connect the dots
- If gaps exist, spawn more targeted Tasks
Step 4: Final Answer
- State answer clearly
- Show chain of reasoning
```
## Example: Deep Research Question
Question: "A professor at university X was known by nickname Y and criticized leader Z who started program W..."
**Your response should be:**
"I'll decompose this into research threads and delegate to subagents.
Clues identified:
1. University + commerce focus + West African coastal city
2. Professor + nickname + first African PhD engineering London
3. Democratic period + US-style system + agricultural program
4. Leader overthrown Dec 31 + coup details
5. Cardiologist historian who documented coups
Spawning research tasks..."
Then actually spawn 5 Task calls, one per clue.
## Why This Matters
1. **Your context window is precious** - web search results are verbose and cause context rot
2. **Subagents have fresh 200K contexts** - they can handle verbose results without degradation
3. **Parallel reasoning** - multiple subagents can explore different threads
4. **Clean synthesis** - you only see summaries, making final reasoning clearer
## Checklist Before Responding
- [ ] Does this task require multiple searches? → USE SUBAGENTS
- [ ] Does this task involve a large file? → CHUNK + SUBAGENTS
- [ ] Am I about to do a WebSearch? → STOP, spawn a Task instead
- [ ] Am I accumulating results in my context? → STOP, use files + subagents
## DO NOT
- ❌ Do multiple WebSearch calls in your main context
- ❌ Read large files directly into your context
- ❌ Try to hold all information in your working memory
- ❌ Skip the decomposition step for complex questions
## DO
- ✅ Spawn Task for each independent research thread
- ✅ Use Python/files for data manipulation and aggregation
- ✅ Keep your main context clean with only summaries
- ✅ Decompose complex questions before starting
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