Enum proposal

about-proposal.md

Advantages compared to using symbols as enum values:

• Enum values are much more customizable. For example, one can have custom prototype and/or instance methods.
• Enum values get two custom properties:
  • name provides direct access to the name of an enum value.
  • ordinal holds a number, the position of the enum value. Useful for some applications.
• One can use instanceof to test whether a value is an element of an enum.
• One occasionally requested feature for enums is that enum values be numbers (e.g. for flags) or strings (e.g. to compare with values in HTTP headers). That can be achieved by making those values properties of enum values. For an example, see enum Mode, below.

Static properties of enums:

• enumValues an Array with all enum values
• enumValueOf(str) maps the name of an enum value to the value (useful for parsing, e.g. from JSON data)

Implementation:

• enumify: this proposal, as an ES6 library

Open questions:

• Provide constructor arguments via RED(arg0, arg1, ...)?
• Make it impossible to subclass enums?
• Not ideal: enum values and prototype methods are not well separated.
  • Even worse with enum values like RED(...) {...}

enum-desugaring.js

enum Color {
    RED { prop: 'x' },
    GREEN { prop: 'y' },
    BLUE { prop: 'z' },
}

class Enum {
    static enumValueOf(name) {
        if (this.constructor === Enum) {
            throw new TypeError('This method is abstract');
        }
        return this.enumValues.find(x => x.name === name);
    }    
    static [Symbol.iterator]() {
        return this.enumValues[Symbol.iterator]();
    }
    toString() {
        return `${this.constructor.name}.${this.name}`;
    }
}
class Color extends Enum {}
const entries = {
    RED: { prop: 'x' },
    GREEN: { prop: 'y' },
    BLUE: { prop: 'z' },
};
Object.defineProperty(Color, 'enumValues', {
    value: [],
    configurable: false,
    writable: false,
    enumerable: true,
});        
for (const [ordinal, name] of Object.keys(entries).entries()) {
    const value = new Color();
    value.name = name;
    value.ordinal = ordinal;
    Object.assign(value, entries[name]);
    Color.enumValues.push(value);
    Object.defineProperty(this, name, {
        value: value,
        configurable: false,
        writable: false,
        enumerable: true,
    });        
}
delete Color.[[Construct]];

enum-examples.js

//-------------------------------------------------

enum Color {
    RED, GREEN, BLUE
}
assert.ok(Color.RED instanceof Color);
assert.strictEqual(String(Color.RED), 'Color.RED');
assert.strictEqual(Color.GREEN.ordinal, 1);
assert.strictEqual(Color.enumValueOf('BLUE'), Color.BLUE);
assert.deepStrictEqual(Color.enumValues, [Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE]);
assert.throws(() => {
    // Can’t create new instances
    new Color();
});


//-------------------------------------------------

// Alas, data properties don’t work, because the enum
// values (TicTacToeColor.X etc.) don’t exist when
// the property definitions are evaluated.
enum TicTacToeColor {
    O {
        get inverse() { return TicTacToeColor.X }
    },
    X {
        get inverse() { return TicTacToeColor.O }
    },    
}
assert.strictEqual(TicTacToeColor.X.inverse, TicTacToeColor.O);
assert.strictEqual(TicTacToeColor.O.inverse, TicTacToeColor.X);
assert.strictEqual(String(TicTacToeColor.O), 'TicTacToeColor.O');
assert.strictEqual(TicTacToeColor.O.ordinal, 0);
assert.strictEqual(TicTacToeColor.X.ordinal, 1);

//-------------------------------------------------

enum Weekday {
    MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,
    THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY;
    isBusinessDay() {
        switch (this) {
            case Weekday.SATURDAY:
            case Weekday.SUNDAY:
                return false;
            default:
                return true;
        }
    }
}
assert.strictEqual(Weekday.SATURDAY.isBusinessDay(), false);
assert.strictEqual(Weekday.MONDAY.isBusinessDay(), true);

//-------------------------------------------------

enum Result {
    ACCEPTED, REJECTED
}

enum State {
    START {
        enter(iter) {
            const {value,done} = iter.next();
            if (done) {
                return Result.REJECTED;
            }
            switch (value) {
                case 'A':
                    return State.A_SEQUENCE;
                default:
                    return Result.REJECTED;
            }
        }
    },
    A_SEQUENCE {
        enter(iter) {
            const {value,done} = iter.next();
            if (done) {
                return Result.REJECTED;
            }
            switch (value) {
                case 'A':
                    return State.A_SEQUENCE;
                case 'B':
                    return State.B_SEQUENCE;
                default:
                    return Result.REJECTED;
            }
        }
    },
    B_SEQUENCE {
        enter(iter) {
            const {value,done} = iter.next();
            if (done) {
                return State.ACCEPT;
            }
            switch (value) {
                case 'B':
                    return State.B_SEQUENCE;
                default:
                    return Result.REJECTED;
            }
        }
    },
    ACCEPT {
        enter(iter) {
            return Result.ACCEPTED;
        }
    },
}
function runStateMachine(str) {
    let iter = str[Symbol.iterator]();
    let state = State.START;
    while (true) {
        state = state.enter(iter);
        switch (state) {
            case Result.ACCEPTED:
                return true;
            case Result.REJECTED:
                return false;
        }
    }
}
assert.strictEqual(runStateMachine('AABBB'), true, 'AABBB');
assert.strictEqual(runStateMachine('AA'), false, 'AA');
assert.strictEqual(runStateMachine('BBB'), false, 'BBB');
assert.strictEqual(runStateMachine('AABBC'), false, 'AABBC');
assert.strictEqual(runStateMachine(''), false, '');

//-------------------------------------------------

enum Mode {
    USER_R {
        n: 0b100000000,
    },
    USER_W {
        n: 0b010000000,
    },
    USER_X {
        n: 0b001000000,
    },
    GROUP_R {
        n: 0b000100000,
    },
    GROUP_W {
        n: 0b000010000,
    },
    GROUP_X {
        n: 0b000001000,
    },
    ALL_R {
        n: 0b000000100,
    },
    ALL_W {
        n: 0b000000010,
    },
    ALL_X {
        n: 0b000000001,
    },
}
assert.strictEqual(
    Mode.USER_R.n | Mode.USER_W.n | Mode.USER_X.n |
    Mode.GROUP_R.n | Mode.GROUP_X.n |
    Mode.ALL_R.n | Mode.ALL_X.n,
    0o755);
assert.strictEqual(
    Mode.USER_R.n | Mode.USER_W.n | Mode.USER_X.n | Mode.GROUP_R.n,
    0o740);

Hi. Just read the proposal. It looks great. Thanks for good job.
Could I suggest a few points:

• About naming. Probably enumValueOf logically could be fromValue and fromName

  assert.strictEqual(Color.enumValueOf('BLUE'), Color.BLUE);
  
  assert.strictEqual(Color.fromValue(1), Color.BLUE); // look please proposal below
  assert.strictEqual(Color.fromName('BLUE'), Color.BLUE);

• If we provide custom implementation for valueOf method then could be possible to avoid ordinal and provide it like default value, or assign new value at all. For example:

  // default integer values based on ordinal
  enum Weekday { MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY }
  
  assert.strictEqual(Weekday.FRIDAY > Weekday.MONDAY, true);
  
  // custom values
  enum Mode {
      ALL_R: 0b100,
      ALL_W: 0b010,
      ALL_X: 0b001,
  }
  
  assert.strictEqual( Mode.ALL_R | Mode.ALL_X, 0b101);
  
  // Compatibility with extensions
  enum TicTacToe {
      O {
          value: 'O'
          get inverse() { return TicTacToeColor.X }
      },
      X {
          value: 'X'
          get inverse() { return TicTacToeColor.O }
      },    
  }
  
  // like casting
  Weekday.FRIDAY.valueOf() // 4
  TicTacToe.X.valueOf() // 'X'

How could I get an Enum by an integer value?