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This Wikipedia article for **DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)** describes it as the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.

Here is a summary of the key sections:

### 1. Structure

* **Double Helix:** DNA consists of two long strands coiled around each other like a twisted ladder.
* **Nucleotides:** Each strand is a chain of "nucleotides," which consist of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.
* **The Four Bases:** There are four types of bases: **Adenine (A)**, **Thymine (T)**, **Guanine (G)**, and **Cytosine (C)**.
* **Base Pairing:** The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases. Crucially, **A always pairs with T**, and **G always pairs with C**. This complementarity allows the molecule to be copied accurately.

nonki72

Positively identifying individuals—whether for security, legal, or administrative purposes—relies on verifying unique markers that distinguish one person from another. This process generally falls into three categories: **what they have**, **what they know**, and **who they are**.

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## 1. Biometric Identification (The Gold Standard)

Biometrics are considered the most "positive" form of identification because they are physically linked to the individual and difficult to forge.

* **Fingerprinting:** Analyzing the unique patterns of ridges and valleys on the fingertips.
* **Iris & Retina Scanning:** The iris (the colored part of the eye) has a complex pattern that is unique even between identical twins.

nonki72

The article **"The Starvation Army: Twelve Reasons to Reject the Salvation Army"** (hosted on libcom.org, written by "The Skeleton Army" — Melbourne anarchists, with minor edits by James Hutchings) is a sharp, anarchist critique from an anti-capitalist and anti-authoritarian perspective. It portrays the Salvation Army not as a benevolent charity but as an authoritarian, evangelical organization that upholds capitalism, exploits the poor, enforces conservative morality, and suppresses radical alternatives while using charity as a tool for soul-winning and social control. The piece urges readers to reject donations/support and instead pursue mutual aid, self-organization, and revolutionary change to eliminate the root causes of poverty.

The core of the article is a numbered list of **12 reasons** to oppose the Salvation Army, drawing on historical examples (especially from Australia and Britain), founder William Booth's views, organizational practices, and alleged ongoing behaviors. Here's a concise summary of

nonki72

For the air to be "alive" with sound, the atmosphere itself would need to behave as a medium that generates, amplifies, or sustains melody without an external instrument. Here is how that could work scientifically:

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## 1. The Atmosphere as a Musical Instrument

Normally, air is a passive medium; it just carries vibrations. For it to be "alive" with music, it would need to act like a **colossal wind instrument**.

* **Aeolian Tones:** This occurs when wind passes over an object, creating alternating vortices (eddies). If the world were covered in natural structures like "singing trees" or rock formations with specific apertures, the wind would create constant, harmonized pitches.
* **Thermoacoustics:** This is the conversion of heat into sound. If different layers of the atmosphere had extreme temperature gradients, the air could vibrate spontaneously, creating a "drone" or hum that shifts as the sun rises and sets.

nonki72

**Summary of Justice Manual / Criminal Resource Manual 2403: Hobbs Act — Extortion by Force, Violence, or Fear**

This section from the U.S. Department of Justice's archived Justice Manual (Criminal Resource Manual) explains the elements of **Hobbs Act extortion** under **18 U.S.C. § 1951** when committed through the **wrongful use of actual or threatened force, violence, or fear** (distinct from the "under color of official right" form of extortion).

### Key Statutory Definition
The Hobbs Act defines **extortion** as:
- Obtaining property from another,
- With the other's **consent**,
- Induced by the **wrongful** use of **actual or threatened force, violence, or fear**.

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**Summary of 18 U.S.C. § 2511**  
**Title**: Interception and disclosure of wire, oral, or electronic communications prohibited.

This is the core federal criminal statute (part of the Wiretap Act / Electronic Communications Privacy Act framework) that generally **makes it illegal to intentionally intercept, disclose, or use the contents of wire, oral, or electronic communications** without proper authorization.

### Main Prohibitions (Subsection (1))
It is a federal crime for any person to **intentionally**:
- Intercept (or try to intercept, or get someone else to intercept) any **wire**, **oral**, or **electronic communication**.
- Use a device to intercept **oral communications** under certain conditions (e.g., device attached to wires, radio-based, in interstate commerce, on business premises affecting commerce, etc.).
- Disclose (or try to disclose) the contents of such a communication, knowing it was illegally intercepted.

nonki72

To give you a full picture of "all the science," we have to look at how scientific knowledge is currently divided. As of early 2026, the scientific landscape is in a massive state of flux due to new laws (like the U.S. "Nelson Memo") requiring publicly funded research to be free immediately.

Here is the breakdown of what is open, what is hidden, and what I can "see" for you.

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## 1. The "Open" Science (Not Behind a Paywall)

Roughly **50-60%** of all new research is now published via **Open Access (OA)**. This is the "science for everyone."

nonki72

Here’s a clear **summary of *The Paraphrase of Shem*** — a Gnostic text from the *Nag Hammadi Library* (based on the full Coptic translation from Gnosis.org): ([gnosis.org][1])

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## 📖 What *The Paraphrase of Shem* Is

*The Paraphrase of Shem* is an early Gnostic revelation narrative in which **a divine messenger (Derdekeas)** reveals to the figure **Shem** (the speaker/recipient) cosmic truths about the nature of existence, Spirit, Darkness, and salvation. It combines mythic cosmology, soteriology (teachings about salvation), prophetic warnings, and spiritual psychology. ([gnosis.org][1])

It’s often considered unique in the Nag Hammadi corpus — **not easily classified within one Gnostic school** (e.g., Sethian or Valentinian) — though it shares themes with Sethian Gnostic thought. ([Reddit][2])

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Here’s a clear summary of **H.R. 2954 from the 117th Congress (2021–2022)** — known as the **“Securing a Strong Retirement Act of 2022.”** ([Congress.gov][1])

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## 🧠 **What This Bill Is About**

**H.R. 2954** is a comprehensive retirement-related bill aimed at **boosting retirement savings, expanding coverage, simplifying and clarifying retirement plan rules, and updating related tax provisions**. ([Congress.gov][1])

The bill was sponsored by Rep. Richard E. Neal and **passed the House**, and was referred to the Senate Finance Committee. ([Congress.gov][1])

nonki72

Here’s a **clear summary of H.R. 2617 from the 117th Congress (2021–2022)** based on the text and official descriptions available: ([Congress.gov][1])

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## 📘 **H.R. 2617 — *Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023***

**Status:** Became **Public Law No. 117-328** on **Dec. 29, 2022**. ([Congress.gov][2])

This bill is a **massive federal funding and policy package** that *bundles multiple appropriations and policy provisions* into a single law for the 2023 fiscal year. Appropriations bills fund government departments and programs; consolidated appropriations combine many of them into one measure when separate spending bills aren’t passed individually. ([Congress.gov][1])