py objects

class.py

if __name__ == '__main__':


    class Comment:


        def __init__(self, txt):
            self.text = txt
            self.votes_qty = 0


        def upvote(self):
            self.votes_qty += 1


    comment1 = Comment('First comment')

    # print(comment1.__dict__)  # {'text': 'First comment', 'votes_qty': 0}

    # print(comment1.text)  # First comment

    # print(comment1.votes_qty)  # 0

    # print(dir(comment1))  # namespace for comment1 (the own attributes: text, votes_qty and the rest are: inherited from the class)
    """
    [
        '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getstate__',
        '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__',
        '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'text', 'upvote', 'votes_qty'
    ]
    """

    class Comment2:
        total_comments = 0

        def __init__(self, text):
            self.text = text
            self.votes_qty = 0
            Comment2.total_comments += 1


        def upvote(self):
            self.votes_qty += 1
        
        
        @staticmethod
        def merge_comments(first, second):
            return f'{first} {second}'
        

        def __add__(self, other):
            return (f'{self.text} {other.text}', self.votes_qty + other.votes_qty)
        

    my_comment = Comment2('My comment0')

    m_1 = Comment2.merge_comments('Ty', 'Yosh')
    print(m_1)  # Ty Yosh

    m_2 = my_comment.merge_comments('Like', 'OK')
    print(m_2)  # Like OK

    print(Comment2.total_comments)  # 1

    com1 = Comment2('First comment')
    com1.upvote()

    com2 = Comment2('Second comment')
    com2.upvote()

    print(com1 + com2)  # ('First comment Second comment', 2)


    class ExtendedList(list):


        def print_list_info(self):
            print(f'List has {len(self)} elements')


    # this class is only for 'print(ExtendedList.__subclasses__())' check
    class MyExtendedList(ExtendedList):
        def print_list_info(self):
            print(f'List has {len(self)} elements')

    custom_list = ExtendedList([1, 2, 3])
    custom_list.print_list_info()  # List has 3 elements

    # object attribute search chain=custom list -> ExtendedList -> list -> object
    print(f'list of self-attributes of object name custom_list: {custom_list.__dict__}')  # {}
    print(f'list of self-attributes of class ExtendedList: {ExtendedList.__dict__}\n')  # {'__module__': '__main__', etc...
    print(f'list of self-attributes of class list: {list.__dict__}\n')  # {'__new__': <built-in method __new__ etc...
    print(f'list of self-attributes of class object: {object.__dict__}')  # {'__new__': <built-in method __new__ etc...

    print('\nlist subclasses: ' + str(list.__subclasses__()) + '\n')  # [<class '__main__.ExtendedList'>]

    print(f'object subclasses: {object.__subclasses__()}\n')  # [<class 'type'>, <class 'async_generator'>, <class 'bytearray_iterator'>, etc...

    print(ExtendedList.__subclasses__())  # [<class '__main__.MyExtendedList'>]
    

dict.py

"""
print(dict1['model'])
# KeyError: 'model'

print(dict1.get('model'))
# None
"""

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # dict - unordered, indexing.
    print(dir(dict))

    d = {}
    for i in range(6):
        key = input("Enter a key: ")
        value = input("Enter a value: ")
        d[key] = value

    print(d)  # {'s': 's', '2': 'x', 'x': '1', '1234': '234', 'xzfds': 'asdasd', 'sdf79sdf79': '98asd89asd8'}

file.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with open('new.txt', 'w') as file:  # w=write
        file.write('First line in the new file\n')

    with open('new.txt') as file: # =read/r=read
        print(file.read())  # First line in the new file

    with open('new.txt', 'a') as file:  # a=append
        file.write('Second line in the new file\n')

    with open('new.txt') as f:
        print(f.read())
        # First line in the new file
        # Second line in the new file

    import csv

    with open('test.csv', 'w') as csv_file:
        writer = csv.writer(csv_file)
        writer.writerow(['user_id', 'user_name', 'comments_qty'])
        writer.writerow([1234, 'mxln', 23])
        writer.writerow([1235, 'ismxln', 2])

func.py

if __name__ == '__main__':

    print('Hello, World!')

    def merge_lists_to_dict(keys, values):
        """
        Merging lists to dictionary

        Args:
            keys (list): key from list1 to dict look key:value
            values (list): value from list2 to dict look key:value
        """
        d = dict(zip(keys, values))
        print(f'Your new dict: {d}')
    
    merge_lists_to_dict(['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3])

generator.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 1
    print('\t\t1')
    n = 5
    squares = (num * num for num in range(n))
    print(squares)
    for num in squares:
        print(num)
    
    # 2
    print('\t\t2')
    from sys import getsizeof
    squares_gen = (num * num for num in range(10000))
    print(getsizeof(squares_gen), type(squares_gen))

    squares_list = [num * num for num in range(10000)]
    print(getsizeof(squares_list), type(squares_list))

lambda.py

def mult(a, b):
    return a * b


mult = lambda a, b: a * b


print(mult(10, 5))

list.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # list - ordered, indexing.
    print(dir(list))  # or print(dir([]))
    # 1.
    

    elements = ['str', 123, True, [], {}, 10.5]

    del elements[2]  # delete third element
    print(len(elements))  # print length of list
    print(elements[::-1])

    list2 = ['a', 12]

    elements.extend(list2)

    print(elements)
    # 2.
    list1, list3 = [1,2,'3'], [3,2,'1']
    list1 += list3
    print(list1.__add__(list3))
    print(list1)

module.py

# help('bs4')

# help('time')

import math

print(math.pi, math.pow(5, 7))

print(dir(math))  # attributes of object math

regex.py

import re

my_str = 'My nickname is Maxelone'

res1 = re.search('Maxelone', my_str)  # <re.Match object; span=(15, 23), match='Maxelone'>
res2 = re.search('M......e', my_str)  # <re.Match object; span=(15, 23), match='Maxelone'>

print(res1, res2)

print(re.search('^M.*name', my_str))  # <re.Match object; span=(0, 11), match='My nickname'>


def check_mail(mail):
    mail_regexp = r'[a-zA-Z0-9_.]+@[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$'
    mail_check_pattern = re.compile(mail_regexp)
    result = 'valid' if mail_check_pattern.fullmatch(mail) else 'not valid'
    return (mail, result)

print(check_mail('bs@gmail.com'))
print(check_mail('bsgmail.com'))
print(check_mail('bs@gmailcom'))
print(check_mail('bs@mail.com'))
print(check_mail('@gmail.com'))
print(check_mail('bs@'))

set.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # set - unordered, unindexing
    print(dir(set))
    # only unique.
    set1 = {1123, 1234, 4231}
    set1.add(1)
    # set1.union(45234)
    # set1.update(46189)
    set2 = {1123, 1234, 52352}

    print(f'difference: {set1.difference(set2)}, intersection: {set1.intersection(set2)}')

    set3 = set1.intersection(set2)

    print(f'set1 {set1}, set3 {set3}')
    
    # convert tuple to a list
    set3 = list(set3)
    print(set3, type(set3))

tuple.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # tuple - ordered, indexing.
    print(dir(tuple))  # ()
    # .count() - count element in tuple, .index() - index element in tuple
    tuple1 = (1, "hello", [1, 2, 3], (4, 5, 6), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
    tuple2 = (7, 8.5, True, "world", {'c': 3, 'd': 4})

    print(tuple1 + tuple2)