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The ZK proof system uses SP1 (Succinct Processor 1) to generate PLONK proofs that verify voting data off-chain, then submits a single compact proof on-chain for verification.
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║ GAS COMPARISON: MPT vs ZK ║
╠════════════╦═══════════════╦═══════════════╦═══════════════════╣
║ Protocol ║ MPT Gas ║ ZK Gas ║ Savings ║
╠════════════╬═══════════════╬═══════════════╬═══════════════════╣
║ Curve ║ 2,862,279 ║ 481,029 ║ 83% ║
║ Balancer ║ 9,464,480 ║ 890,887 ║ 90% ║
╠════════════╬═══════════════╬═══════════════╬═══════════════════╣
║ TOTAL ║ 12,326,759 ║ 1,371,916 ║ 88% ║
╚════════════╩═══════════════╩═══════════════╩═══════════════════╝
Side-by-Side Comparison
Metric
MPT
ZK
Improvement
Total Gas
12,326,759
1,371,916
88% reduction
Transactions
4
2
50% fewer
Calldata Size
59.36 KB
~3.82 KB
93% reduction
Proof Data
56.31 KB
1.70 KB
97% reduction
Data Inserts
9
9
Same coverage
Key Insights
Gas Savings: ZK proofs reduce gas consumption by 88% on average
Curve: 83% savings (2,381,250 gas saved)
Balancer: 90% savings (8,573,593 gas saved)
Calldata Efficiency: ZK proofs are 15x smaller than MPT proofs
MPT: 56.31 KB of Merkle Patricia proofs
ZK: 1.70 KB of PLONK proofs + 2.12 KB public values
Batching Advantage: Single ZK proof can verify multiple accounts
MPT: Requires separate proof for each account/gauge pair
ZK: One proof per protocol, regardless of account count
Scalability: ZK proof size remains constant (~868 bytes) regardless of the number of accounts verified, while MPT proofs scale linearly with account count
Cost Analysis
Market Conditions
Snapshot taken on January 23, 2026 at 11:00 CET
Parameter
Value
Arbitrum Gas Price
20,186,000 wei (0.020 gwei)
Ethereum Gas Price
64,268,531 wei (0.064 gwei)
ETH Price
$2,914 USD
ZK Proof Generation
$0.10 per proof (Succinct Network)
Note: For simplicity, this benchmark only accounts for L2 execution gas costs on Arbitrum. The L1 Data Posting Cost has been omitted. In practice, L1 data costs would further favor ZK proofs due to their 93% smaller calldata size (3.82 KB vs 59.36 KB).
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