Android code to extract raw audio from arbitrary media files.

MediaDecoder.java

/* MediaDecoder
 
   Author: Andrew Stubbs (based on some examples from the docs)
 
   This class opens a file, reads the first audio channel it finds, and returns raw audio data.
   
   Usage:
      MediaDecoder decoder = new MediaDecoder("myfile.m4a");
      short[] data;
      while ((data = decoder.readShortData()) != null) {
         // process data here
      }
  */

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

import android.media.MediaCodec;
import android.media.MediaCodec.BufferInfo;
import android.media.MediaExtractor;
import android.media.MediaFormat;

public class MediaDecoder {
    private MediaExtractor extractor = new MediaExtractor();
    private MediaCodec decoder;
    
    private MediaFormat inputFormat;
    
    private ByteBuffer[] inputBuffers;
    private boolean end_of_input_file;

    private ByteBuffer[] outputBuffers;
    private int outputBufferIndex = -1;

    public MediaDecoder(String inputFilename) {
        extractor.setDataSource(inputFilename);
        
        // Select the first audio track we find.
        int numTracks = extractor.getTrackCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < numTracks; ++i) {
            MediaFormat format = extractor.getTrackFormat(i);
            String mime = format.getString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME);
            if (mime.startsWith("audio/")) {
                extractor.selectTrack(i);
                decoder = MediaCodec.createDecoderByType(mime);
                decoder.configure(format, null, null, 0);
                inputFormat = format;
                break;
            }
        }
        
        if (decoder == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No decoder for file format");
        }
        
        decoder.start();
        inputBuffers = decoder.getInputBuffers();
        outputBuffers = decoder.getOutputBuffers();
        end_of_input_file = false;
    }
    
    // Read the raw data from MediaCodec.
    // The caller should copy the data out of the ByteBuffer before calling this again
    // or else it may get overwritten.
    private ByteBuffer readData(BufferInfo info) {
        if (decoder == null)
            return null;
        
        for (;;) {
            // Read data from the file into the codec.
            if (!end_of_input_file) {
                int inputBufferIndex = decoder.dequeueInputBuffer(10000);
                if (inputBufferIndex >= 0) {
                    int size = extractor.readSampleData(inputBuffers[inputBufferIndex], 0); 
                    if (size < 0) {
                        // End Of File
                        decoder.queueInputBuffer(inputBufferIndex, 0, 0, 0, MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM);
                        end_of_input_file = true;
                    } else {
                        decoder.queueInputBuffer(inputBufferIndex, 0, size, extractor.getSampleTime(), 0);
                        extractor.advance();
                    }
                }
            }

            // Read the output from the codec.
            if (outputBufferIndex >= 0)
                // Ensure that the data is placed at the start of the buffer
                outputBuffers[outputBufferIndex].position(0);
                
            outputBufferIndex = decoder.dequeueOutputBuffer(info, 10000);
            if (outputBufferIndex >= 0) {
                // Handle EOF
                if (info.flags != 0) {
                    decoder.stop();
                    decoder.release();
                    decoder = null;
                    return null;
                }
                
                // Release the buffer so MediaCodec can use it again.
                // The data should stay there until the next time we are called.
                decoder.releaseOutputBuffer(outputBufferIndex, false);
                
                return outputBuffers[outputBufferIndex];
                
            } else if (outputBufferIndex == MediaCodec.INFO_OUTPUT_BUFFERS_CHANGED) {
                // This usually happens once at the start of the file.
                outputBuffers = decoder.getOutputBuffers();
               }
        }
    }
    
    // Return the Audio sample rate, in samples/sec.
    public int getSampleRate() {
        return inputFormat.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_SAMPLE_RATE);
    }
    
    // Read the raw audio data in 16-bit format
    // Returns null on EOF
    public short[] readShortData() {
        BufferInfo info = new BufferInfo();
        ByteBuffer data = readData(info);
        
        if (data == null)
            return null;
        
        int samplesRead = info.size/2;
        short[] returnData = new short[samplesRead];
        
        // Converting the ByteBuffer to an array doesn't actually make a copy
        // so we must do so or it will be overwritten later.
        System.arraycopy(data.asShortBuffer().array(), 0, returnData, 0, samplesRead);
        return returnData;
    }
}

How can I save the audio track to a playable audio file?

I love your example, but there are some errors.
IllegalStateException and UnsupportedOperationException on Line 132 "System.arraycopy(data.asShortBuffer().array(), 0, returnData, 0, samplesRead);"
The IllegalStateException occurs because access to "ByteBuffer data" which has been released on Line 102 "decoder.releaseOutputBuffer(outputBufferIndex, false);"
The UnsupportedOperationException occurs because the "ShortBuffer" from "ByteBuffer.asShortBuffer" cannot use "array" function.
So I changed this line to "outputBuffers[outputBufferIndex].order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).asShortBuffer().get(returnData);" and it works like a charm!
Thank you for example code!

Is there any other way? There is an array error

I did what Riaxter said, but I could not solve it.

Is there any other way? There is an array error

I did what Riaxter said, but I could not solve it.

Me too. Another issue:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: buffer is inaccessible
        at java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.getUnchecked(DirectByteBuffer.java:475)
        at java.nio.ByteBufferAsShortBuffer.get(ByteBufferAsShortBuffer.java:102)
        at java.nio.ShortBuffer.get(ShortBuffer.java:417)
        at org.peace.allinone.ui.MediaDecoder.readShortData(MediaDecoder.java:138)