macOS /usr/bin Utilities Summary

macOS Utilities.md

macOS /usr/bin Utilities Summary

This file lists each binary currently found in /usr/bin on this system (snapshot from ls /usr/bin) with a brief, high‑level description. Many are standard POSIX / BSD userland tools; others are Apple platform, developer, diagnostic, multimedia, DTrace scripts, Perl helper scripts, or language/runtime tools. Versioned duplicates (e.g. foo5.34) are Perl 5.34 module helper variants; they perform the same function for that specific interpreter version.

Note

Descriptions are concise and generalized. For authoritative detail consult man <tool> or --help.

Index

• aa – ASCII art / legacy utility placeholder (rarely used)
• actool – Asset Catalog compiler (Xcode build tool for .xcassets)
• aea – Audio encoding analysis / Apple internal audio tool
• afclip – Audio file clip utility (trim/segment)
• afconvert – Core Audio format converter
• afhash – Compute audio file hash
• afida – Audio file ID analysis
• afinfo – Display Core Audio file metadata
• afktool – Audio Karaoke tool (extract vocal/instrumental)
• afplay – Play audio files via Core Audio
• afscexpand – Expand Apple File System compression (APFS SCE)
• agentxtrap – Send SNMP AgentX trap
• agvtool – Xcode marketing/build version bump tool
• alias – Define shell alias (builtin wrapper)
• app-sso – App single sign-on helper
• applesingle – Convert files to AppleSingle format (resource/data fork packaging)
• apply – Apply a command to arguments from a file list (BSD)
• apropos – Search man page database by keyword
• ar – Create/modify archives (static libraries)
• arch – Show or set architecture / run program for specific arch
• as – Assembler (LLVM/Clang front-end invokes)
• asa – Convert ASCII to something (legacy; often American Standards Association test)
• AssetCacheLocatorUtil – Locate macOS Content Caching servers
• AssetCacheManagerUtil – Manage Content Cache
• AssetCacheTetheratorUtil – Configure tethered asset caching
• assetutil – Inspect/compile asset catalogs
• at – Schedule one-time commands
• atos – Symbolicate addresses to function names
• atq – List pending at jobs
• atrm – Remove at jobs
• atsutil – Font & ATS (Apple Type Services) maintenance
• automationmodetool – Toggle automation mode security
• automator – Run Automator workflows
• auval – Audio Unit validator (deprecated)
• auvaltool – Audio Unit validation (newer tool)
• avbanalyse – Audio Video Bridging analyse tool
• avbdiagnose – AVB diagnostics
• avbutil – Manage AVB entities
• avconvert – AVFoundation media transcoder
• avmediainfo – Show AVFoundation media info
• avmetareadwrite – Read/write AV metadata
• awk – Text pattern scanning & processing language
• b64decode – Base64 decode convenience wrapper
• b64encode – Base64 encode convenience wrapper
• banner – Print large ASCII banner text
• base64 – Base64 encode/decode
• basename – Strip directory and suffix from filenames
• bashbug – Report bash bugs
• batch – Queue commands to run when load permits
• bc – Arbitrary precision calculator language
• bg – Resume job in background (shell builtin front)
• binhex – BinHex encode/decode (legacy Mac resource fork format)
• binhex.pl – Perl BinHex script
• binhex5.34.pl – Versioned Perl BinHex script
• bintrans – Binary translation helper
• bioutil – BIOS/board related utility (Apple hardware info)
• bison – GNU parser generator
• bitesize.d – DTrace script (binary I/O size profiling)
• bm4 – Macro processor variant (m4)
• bputil – Boot policy utility (Secure Boot management)
• brctl – (Deprecated) iCloud/Bonjour remote control / legacy bridging
• bsdtar – BSD tar implementation
• bspatch – Binary patch apply tool
• bundle – RubyGems bundle exec stub
• bundler – Ruby dependency manager CLI
• bunzip2 – Decompress bzip2 files
• bzcat – Cat bzip2 content
• bzcmp – Compare bzip2 compressed files
• bzdiff – Diff bzip2 compressed files
• bzegrep – Egrep through bzip2 files
• bzfgrep – Fgrep through bzip2 files
• bzgrep – Grep through bzip2 files
• bzip2 – Burrows-Wheeler block file compressor
• bzip2recover – Recover data from corrupted bzip2 archives
• bzless – View bzip2 file with less
• bzmore – More through bzip2 file content
• c++ – C++ compiler driver (symlink to clang)
• c++filt – Demangle C++ symbol names
• c89 – Compile per ANSI C89 rules
• c99 – Compile per ISO C99 rules
• caffeinate – Prevent system sleep while process runs
• cal – Print calendar
• calendar – Reminder utility reading calendar file
• cancel – Cancel print jobs (CUPS)
• cap_mkdb – Compile termcap/terminfo database
• captoinfo – Convert termcap to terminfo
• cc – C compiler driver
• cd – Change directory (shell builtin front wrapper)
• certtool – Certificate manipulation (Common Data Security Architecture / crypto)
• chflags – Change file flags (immutable, hidden)
• chfn – Change user full name info
• chgrp – Change group ownership
• chpass – Change user password or shell
• chsh – Change login shell
• cksum – Compute CRC checksum
• clang – C/ObjC/C++ compiler frontend
• clang++ – C++ compiler frontend
• clangd – Language Server Protocol for C/C++
• clear – Clear terminal screen
• cmp – Compare two files byte-by-byte
• cmpdylib – Compare dynamic libraries for compatibility
• codecctl – Control media codecs
• codesign – Sign/verify code signatures
• codesign_allocate – Helper for code resources space
• col – Filter reverse line feeds from text
• colldef – Generate locale collation rules
• colrm – Remove columns from text
• column – Format data into columns
• comm – Compare sorted files line by line
• command – Invoke a command ignoring shell functions
• compress – Legacy Lempel-Ziv file compressor
• compression_tool – Apple compression formats utility
• config_data – Perl Config::Data info (core)
• config_data5.34 – Versioned Perl config data script
• corelist – List Perl core modules
• corelist5.34 – Versioned corelist
• cpan – Perl CPAN shell
• cpan5.34 – Versioned CPAN shell
• cpio – Copy file archives in/out
• cpp – C preprocessor
• cpu_profiler.d – DTrace CPU profiling script
• cpuctl – Control CPU features
• cpuwalk.d – DTrace to walk CPU state
• crc32 – Compute CRC32 checksum
• crc325.34 – Perl CRC32 script variant
• creatbyproc.d – DTrace file creation tracing
• crlrefresh – Refresh certificate revocation lists
• crontab – Edit/list scheduled cron jobs
• csfdiagnose – Core Storage / system framework diagnose
• csplit – Split files by context patterns
• csreq – Code signing requirements tool
• csrutil – Configure macOS System Integrity Protection
• ctags – Generate tag files for code editors
• ctf_insert – Insert CTF debug info
• cu – Dial up / serial terminal utility
• cups-config – CUPS build configuration helper
• cupstestppd – Test PostScript Printer Description file
• curl – Transfer data with URLs (HTTP, FTP, etc.)
• curl-config – Show libcurl build config
• cut – Cut columns from input
• cvaffinity – Configure CoreVideo affinity
• cvcp – Copy CoreVideo data structures
• cvmkdir – Create CoreVideo folder
• cvmkfile – Create CoreVideo file stub
• dappprof – DTrace app profiling tool
• dapptrace – DTrace application call trace
• db_archive – Berkeley DB log archive cleanup
• db_checkpoint – Berkeley DB checkpoint
• db_codegen – Generate Berkeley DB code (helper)
• db_deadlock – Berkeley DB deadlock detector
• db_dump – Dump Berkeley DB database to text
• db_hotbackup – Perform Berkeley DB hot backup
• db_load – Load text dump into Berkeley DB
• db_printlog – Print Berkeley DB log content
• db_recover – Recover Berkeley DB after crash
• db_stat – Display Berkeley DB statistics
• db_upgrade – Upgrade Berkeley DB files format
• db_verify – Verify Berkeley DB integrity
• dbicadmin – DBIx::Class admin tool
• dbicadmin5.34 – Perl 5.34 version of dbicadmin
• dbilogstrip – Strip DBI logs
• dbilogstrip5.34 – Versioned DBI log strip
• dbiprof – Profile Perl DBI usage
• dbiprof5.34 – Versioned DBI profiler
• dbiproxy – DBI proxy server
• dbiproxy5.34 – Versioned DBI proxy
• dc – Desk calculator (RPN) utility
• dddiagnose – Apple diagnostics for disks
• debinhex.pl – Perl script to decode BinHex
• debinhex5.34.pl – Versioned BinHex decoder
• defaults – macOS user defaults (plist) tool
• delv – Advanced DNS lookup (DNSSEC)
• demandoc – Minimal mdoc/troff processor
• DeRez – Decompile resource fork data
• derq – DER format query/inspector
• desdp – Apple internal diagnostic tool (security)
• devmodectl – Developer mode control
• diagnose-fu – Diagnostics framework utility
• diff – File difference comparison
• diff3 – 3-way diff merge utility
• diffstat – Summarize diff output statistics
• dig – DNS query tool
• dirname – Strip last component of path
• dispqlen.d – DTrace dispatch queue length script
• dist_package_tool – Apple package distribution helper
• ditto – Copy files preserving metadata
• dmc – Device management controller tool
• dns-sd – Bonjour / DNS Service Discovery
• drutil – Optical drive (DVD/CD) utility
• dscacheutil – Query/flush Directory Service cache
• dscl – Directory Service command line
• dserr – Display Directory Service errors
• dsexport – Export directory data
• dsimport – Import directory data
• dsmemberutil – Check directory membership
• dsymutil – Generate dSYM debug bundle
• dtruss – DTrace version of strace
• du – Disk usage per directory
• dwarfdump – Dump DWARF debug info
• dyld_info – Show dyld (dynamic loader) info
• dyld_usage – dyld usage stats tool
• egrep – Extended regex grep (deprecated, use grep -E)
• enc2xs – Convert Enc:: modules to XS (Perl)
• enc2xs5.34 – Versioned enc2xs
• encguess – Guess file encoding
• encguess5.34 – Versioned encguess
• encode_keychange – Encode key change data (Kerberos/dirsvc)
• env – Run command with modified environment
• erb – Ruby ERB template runner
• errinfo – Display error info for system components
• eslogger – Event Stream logger
• ex – Vi in line editor mode
• execsnoop – Trace exec() calls (DTrace)
• expand – Convert tabs to spaces
• expect – Automate interactive programs
• eyapp – Perl parser generator (Yapp successor)
• eyapp5.34 – Versioned eyapp
• false – Always return non-zero status
• fc – Fix or list previous commands (shell builtin front)
• fddist – File distribution helper
• fdesetup – FileVault disk encryption management
• fg – Resume foreground job (shell builtin front)
• fgrep – Fixed-string grep (deprecated: grep -F)
• file – Determine file type by magic
• filebyproc.d – DTrace file open by process
• fileproviderctl – File Provider extension control
• filtercalltree – Instruments call tree filter helper
• find – Search file hierarchy
• findrule – Perl rule finder script
• findrule5.34 – Versioned findrule
• finger – User information lookup
• fixproc – Fix process environment issues
• flex – Fast lexical analyzer generator
• flex++ – C++ variant of flex
• fmt – Simple text formatter (wrap)
• fold – Wrap lines to width
• fontrestore – Restore system fonts
• footprint – Memory footprint analysis
• fping – Parallel ping utility
• fs_usage – Live file system I/O usage
• funzip – Extract single file from zip to stdout
• fuser – List processes using files or sockets
• g++ – GNU / LLVM g++ frontend
• gatherheaderdoc – Collect HeaderDoc documentation
• gcc – GNU / LLVM gcc driver (alias to clang)
• gcore – Generate core file of a running process
• gcov – Code coverage analysis (GCC)
• gem – RubyGems package manager
• gen_bridge_metadata – Generate ObjC bridge metadata
• gencat – Generate message catalog
• genstrings – Generate localized strings from source
• getconf – Query system configuration variables
• GetFileInfo – Show HFS file metadata (Xcode tool)
• getopt – Parse command line options (external)
• getopts – POSIX shell getopts front
• git – Version control system
• git-receive-pack – Git receive-pack service
• git-shell – Restricted Git shell
• git-upload-archive – Create archive from repo
• git-upload-pack – Git upload-pack service
• gktool – Graphics kernel tool (Apple internal)
• gm4 – GNU m4 macro processor
• gnumake – GNU make build tool
• gperf – Perfect hash function generator
• grep – Pattern search in files
• groups – Show group memberships
• gunzip – Decompress gzip files
• gzcat – Cat gzipped file (equiv to zcat)
• gzexe – Make gzip self-decompressing executable
• gzip – GNU gzip compressor
• h2ph – Convert C headers to Perl *.ph
• h2ph5.34 – Versioned h2ph
• h2xs – Create XS skeleton from C header
• h2xs5.34 – Versioned h2xs
• hash – Hash table performance tool / shell builtin front
• hdid – Attach disk image
• hdiutil – Disk image management CLI
• hdxml2manxml – Convert help doc XML to man XML
• head – Show first lines of files
• headerdoc2html – Convert HeaderDoc to HTML
• heap – Heap memory utility
• hexdump – Dump file in hex + ASCII
• hidutil – Human Interface Device management
• hiutil – Help index utility
• host – DNS lookup utility
• hostinfo – Display host basic info
• hotspot.d – DTrace hotspot sampler
• hpmdiagnose – High performance monitor diagnose
• htmltree – HTML tree viewer
• htmltree5.34 – Versioned htmltree
• ibtool – Interface Builder file compiler
• iconutil – Iconset <-> icns converter
• iconv – Character set conversion
• ictool – Image capture tool (internal)
• id – Display user and group IDs
• imptrace – Trace imports/exports of processes
• indent – Indent/format C code
• infocmp – Compare terminfo descriptions
• infotocap – Convert terminfo to termcap
• install – Copy files and set attributes
• install_name_tool – Modify Mach-O dylib paths
• instmodsh – Perl installed module shell
• instmodsh5.34 – Versioned instmodsh
• IOAccelMemory – IOAccelerator memory tool
• iofile.d – DTrace file I/O tracing
• iofileb.d – Buffered file I/O tracing
• IOMFB_FDR_Loader – Apple display/graphics loader
• iopattern – DTrace I/O pattern analyzer
• iopending – DTrace I/O pending latency tool
• IOSDebug – iOS debug helper tool
• iosnoop – DTrace disk I/O snoop
• iotop – Show top I/O consumers
• ip2cc – IP to country (Perl script)
• ip2cc5.34 – Versioned ip2cc
• ipcount – Count IP occurrences in data
• ipcount5.34 – Versioned ipcount
• ipcrm – Remove IPC resources
• ipcs – Report IPC facility status
• iperf3-darwin – Network performance measurement
• ippeveprinter – CUPS IPP Everywhere printer emulator
• ippfind – Find IPP printers/services
• ipptool – Send IPP requests (test) to printers
• iptab – IP table tool (Perl script)
• iptab5.34 – Versioned iptab
• irb – Interactive Ruby shell
• jar – Java archive tool
• jarsigner – Sign/verify JAR files
• java – Java runtime launcher
• javac – Java compiler
• javadoc – Generate Java API docs
• javap – Java class disassembler
• javaws – Java Web Start launcher
• jcmd – Send diagnostic commands to JVM
• jconsole – Java monitoring GUI (launcher)
• jcontrol – Java control panel
• jdb – Java debugger
• jdeps – Analyze Java class dependencies
• jhsdb – HotSpot serviceability tools
• jimage – Inspect Java image files
• jinfo – JVM configuration info
• jjs – Nashorn JS REPL (deprecated)
• jlink – Assemble Java runtime images
• jmap – Memory map of JVM processes
• jobs – Show active jobs (shell builtin front)
• join – Join lines by common field
• jot – Print sequential or random numbers
• jpackage – Build Java application packages
• jps – List JVM processes
• jq – JSON query processor
• jrunscript – Run scripting for Java (JSR-223)
• jshell – Java interactive shell (REPL)
• json_pp – JSON pretty-printer (Perl)
• json_pp5.34 – Versioned json_pp
• json_xs – Fast JSON converter (Perl XS)
• json_xs5.34 – Versioned json_xs
• jstack – Stack traces of Java threads
• jstat – JVM statistics
• jstatd – JVM remote monitoring daemon
• kcc – Kerberos credential cache tool
• kdestroy – Destroy Kerberos tickets
• kextutil – Load and test kernel extensions
• keychain-access – Command-line Keychain access
• keytool – Manage Java keystore
• kgetcred – Acquire Kerberos credentials
• kill.d – DTrace kill signal tracing
• killall – Kill processes by name
• kinit – Obtain Kerberos ticket
• klist – List Kerberos tickets
• kmutil – Kernel management utility (macOS 11+)
• kpasswd – Change Kerberos password
• krb5-config – Kerberos build config info
• kswitch – Switch active Kerberos cache
• ktrace – Kernel trace (legacy, superseded by DTrace)
• lam – Parallel processing tool (MPI, legacy)
• last – Show last logged in users
• lastcomm – Show last commands executed accounting info
• lastwords – Display stored last words quote file
• latency – System latency analysis tool
• layerutil – Layered window / graphics tool
• ld – Link editor (mach-o linker)
• ldapadd – Add entries to LDAP directory
• ldapcompare – Compare LDAP attribute value
• ldapdelete – Delete LDAP entries
• ldapexop – Execute LDAP extended operation
• ldapmodify – Modify LDAP entries
• ldapmodrdn – Modify LDAP RDN
• ldappasswd – Set LDAP user password
• ldapsearch – Search LDAP directory
• ldapurl – Parse LDAP URLs
• ldapwhoami – Who am I? (LDAP bind identity)
• leaks – Inspect process memory for leaks
• leave – Remind user to leave at time
• less – Pager program
• lessecho – Produce output for less
• lex – Lexical analyzer generator
• libnetcfg – libnet network config tool (Perl)
• libnetcfg5.34 – Versioned libnetcfg
• libtool – Generic library building tool
• lipo – Create/inspect multi-architecture binaries
• lldb – LLVM debugger
• llvm-g++ – Legacy LLVM g++ driver
• llvm-gcc – Legacy LLVM gcc driver
• loads.d – DTrace system load script
• locale – Show current locale settings
• localedef – Define locale information
• locate – Find files via database
• lockf – Lock files
• lockstat – DTrace lock contention profiler
• log – Unified logging CLI
• logger – Syslog-style logging
• login – Begin new session
• logname – Print user’s login name
• look – Find words in sorted list
• lorder – List object file dependencies
• lp – Send print jobs
• lpoptions – Configure printer options
• lpq – Show print queue status
• lpr – Submit print job
• lprm – Remove print jobs
• lpstat – Printer status utility
• lsappinfo – List running app bundle info
• lsbom – List bill-of-materials (package contents)
• lskq – List kqueue state
• lsm – List system memory map
• lsmp – List mount points or memory pages (internal)
• lsvfs – List virtual file systems
• lwp-download – Download via libwww-perl
• lwp-download5.34 – Versioned download
• lwp-dump – Dump HTTP response
• lwp-dump5.34 – Versioned dump
• lwp-mirror – Mirror remote resources
• lwp-mirror5.34 – Versioned mirror
• lwp-request – Make HTTP requests
• lwp-request5.34 – Versioned request
• m4 – Macro processor
• macbinary – Convert to/from MacBinary format
• macerror – Decode Mac OS error codes
• macerror5.34 – Versioned macerror
• machine – Print machine hardware name
• macoserror – Decode macOS error codes
• mail – Send/read mail
• mailq – Show mail queue (Postfix)
• mailx – Mail user agent
• make – Build automation tool
• malloc_history – Heap allocation history
• man – Display man pages
• mandoc – Format mdoc/man pages
• mandoc_soelim – Preprocess .so include directives
• manpath – Show man search path
• mcxquery – Managed client (MCX) query
• mcxrefresh – MCX refresh
• mddiagnose – Spotlight/metadata diagnose
• mdfind – Spotlight metadata search
• mdimport – Import metadata for Spotlight
• mdls – List Spotlight metadata
• mdutil – Manage Spotlight indexing
• memory_pressure – Show memory pressure stats
• mesg – Control write message permission
• mg – Micro Emacs variant
• mib2c – Generate C from MIB file (SNMP)
• mib2c-update – Update MIB generated code
• mig – Mach Interface Generator
• mkbom – Make bill-of-materials file
• mkfifo – Create named pipe
• mklocale – Generate locale data from input
• mktemp – Create temp file name
• mnthome – Notification Center home tool
• modelcatalogdump – Dump ML model catalog
• modelmanagerdump – Dump model manager state
• moose-outdated – Perl Moose outdated modules
• moose-outdated5.34 – Versioned
• more – Basic pager
• mp2bug – MPEG-2 debug tool
• mpsgraphtool – MPS graph debugging tool
• nano – Tiny text editor
• nbdst – Network bootstrap diagnostic
• nc – Netcat network utility
• ncal – Alternative calendar layout
• ncctl – Network control tool
• ncdestroy – Network config destroy
• ncinit – Network config initialize
• nclist – Network config list
• ncurses5.4-config – ncurses build config helper
• net-server – Perl net server template generator
• net-server5.34 – Versioned
• net-snmp-cert – SNMP cert helper
• net-snmp-config – SNMP build config
• net-snmp-create-v3-user – SNMP v3 user helper
• nettop – Live network connections top
• networkQuality – Network latency/bandwidth test
• newaliases – Rebuild mail aliases database
• newgrp – Change primary group
• newproc.d – DTrace new process monitor
• nfsstat – NFS statistics
• nice – Run command with adjusted priority
• nl – Number lines
• nm – List symbols from object files
• nmedit – Edit Mach-O symbol table
• nohup – Run immune to hangups
• notifyutil – Post and observe notifications
• nscurl – Networking stack diagnostic curl
• nslookup – Interactive DNS query tool
• nsupdate – Dynamic DNS update tool
• objdump – Display object file info
• ocspcheck – Verify OCSP responses
• od – Octal/hex dump
• odutil – On-device utility (internal)
• open – Open files/URLs via GUI
• opendiff – File diff in GUI (FileMerge)
• opensnoop – Trace open() calls
• openssl – TLS/crypto toolkit
• orbd – CORBA ORB daemon (Java, legacy)
• osacompile – Compile AppleScript
• osadecompile – Decompile AppleScript
• osalang – List AppleScript languages
• osascript – Run AppleScript / OSA scripts
• otool – Object file disassembler / info
• pack200 – Pack Java class files (deprecated)
• package-stash-conflicts – Perl package stash conflicts
• package-stash-conflicts5.34 – Versioned
• pagesize – Print system page size
• pagestuff – Inspect Mach-O page mapping
• par.pl – Perl Archive Toolkit runner
• par5.34.pl – Versioned par script
• parl – PAR loader
• parl5.34 – Versioned PAR loader
• parldyn – Dynamic PAR loader
• parldyn5.34 – Versioned dynamic loader
• passwd – Change user password
• paste – Merge corresponding lines
• patch – Apply diff patch files
• pathchk – Check path portability
• pathopens.d – DTrace path opens script
• pbcopy – Copy stdin to clipboard
• pbpaste – Paste clipboard to stdout
• pcap-config – libpcap build configuration
• pcsctest – Smart card test tool
• perl – Perl interpreter
• perl5.34 – Versioned interpreter
• perlbug – Submit Perl bug report
• perlbug5.34 – Versioned perlbug
• perldoc – View Perl documentation
• perldoc5.34 – Versioned perldoc
• perlivp – Perl installation verification
• perlivp5.34 – Versioned perlivp
• perlthanks – Thank Perl authors tool
• perlthanks5.34 – Versioned
• pgrep – Find processes by pattern
• pico – Pico text editor (nano predecessor)
• piconv – Perl iconv interface
• piconv5.34 – Versioned piconv
• pidpersec.d – DTrace process creation rate
• pip3 – Python pip for Python 3
• pkgbuild – Build macOS installer packages
• pkill – Kill processes by pattern
• pl – Perl interpreter symlink
• pl2pm – Convert Perl .pl to .pm modules
• pl2pm5.34 – Versioned pl2pm
• plockstat – DTrace lock statistics
• pluginkit – Manage app extensions/plugins
• plutil – Property list utility
• pmset – Power management settings
• pod2html – Convert POD to HTML
• pod2html5.34 – Versioned tool
• pod2man – Convert POD to man page
• pod2man5.34 – Versioned
• pod2readme – POD to README converter
• pod2readme5.34 – Versioned
• pod2text – POD to plain text
• pod2text5.34 – Versioned
• pod2usage – POD usage summary tool
• pod2usage5.34 – Versioned
• podchecker – Validate POD syntax
• podchecker5.34 – Versioned
• policytool – Java security policy editor
• power_report.sh – Power metrics report script
• powermetrics – Power/thermal performance metrics
• pp – Perl preprocessor (Filter::Simple)
• pp5.34 – Versioned pp
• ppdc – CUPS PPD compiler
• ppdhtml – Generate HTML from PPD
• ppdi – Import PPD file
• ppdmerge – Merge PPDs
• ppdpo – Translate PPD using gettext catalogs
• pr – Columnated page printer
• priclass.d – DTrace priority class events
• pridist.d – DTrace scheduling distribution
• printenv – Print environment variables
• printf – Format and print data
• procsystime – DTrace per-process syscall time
• productbuild – Build product archives (.pkg)
• productsign – Sign macOS installer packages
• profiles – Manage configuration profiles
• prove – Run Perl TAP test scripts
• prove5.34 – Versioned prove
• psm – Power source management debug
• ptar – Perl Tar archiver
• ptar5.34 – Versioned ptar
• ptardiff – Diff tar archives
• ptardiff5.34 – Versioned
• ptargrep – Grep inside tar archives
• ptargrep5.34 – Versioned
• pwpolicy – Password policy management
• python3 – Python 3 interpreter
• qlmanage – Quick Look management CLI
• quota – Display disk quotas
• rails – Ruby on Rails runner stub
• rake – Ruby task runner
• ranlib – Generate library index (ar table)
• rdoc – Generate Ruby documentation
• read – Read line (shell builtin interface)
• readlink – Print symlink target
• renice – Alter process priority
• reset – Reset terminal
• ResMerger – Merge resource forks
• resolveLinks – Resolve file links
• rev – Reverse lines character-wise
• Rez – Compile resource fork definitions
• ri – Ruby interactive documentation tool
• rmic – Java RMI stub compiler
• rmid – Java RMI activation daemon
• rmiregistry – Java RMI registry
• rpcgen – Generate RPC protocol code
• rs – Simple reshape (format text) tool
• rsync – File synchronization tool
• ruby – Ruby interpreter
• rview – Vim in read-only mode
• rvim – Restricted Vim
• rwbypid.d – DTrace read/write per pid
• rwbytype.d – DTrace read/write by type
• rwsnoop – DTrace read/write snoop
• safaridriver – WebDriver for Safari
• SafeEjectGPU – Safely eject external GPU
• sample – Stack sample a process
• sampleproc – Sample per process
• sandbox-exec – Execute with sandbox profile
• say – Text to speech
• sc_usage – System call usage display
• scandeps.pl – Scan Perl module dependencies
• scandeps5.34.pl – Versioned scandeps
• scp – Secure copy over SSH
• screen – Terminal multiplexer
• script – Record terminal session
• sdef – Show AppleScript dictionary
• sdiff – Side-by-side diff merge
• sdp – Services Discovery Protocol tool
• sdx – Tcl Starkit wrapper builder
• security – Security framework CLI (keychains, certs)
• sed – Stream editor
• seeksize.d – DTrace seek size profiler
• segedit – Edit Mach-O segment
• seq – Print sequence of numbers
• serialver – Show serialVersionUID of Java classes
• servertool – Java RMI server tool
• SetFile – Set HFS file attributes
• setregion – Set region code (internal)
• setuids.d – DTrace setuid calls trace
• sfltool – Shared file list tool
• sftp – SSH file transfer
• shar – Create shell archive
• shasum – Compute SHA checksums
• shasum5.34 – Versioned shasum
• shazam – Shazam CLI (audio recognition) helper
• shlock – Create lock file securely
• shortcuts – Automate Shortcuts actions
• showmount – Show NFS mounts
• sigdist.d – DTrace signal distribution
• sips – Scriptable image processing system
• size – Display object code size
• slogin – Secure login (ssh alias)
• smbutil – SMB mount/query utility
• snfsdefrag – Defragment SNFS (Xsan) volume
• snmp-bridge-mib – SNMP bridge MIB utility
• snmpbulkget – SNMP bulk get
• snmpbulkwalk – SNMP bulk walk
• snmpconf – Generate SNMP config
• snmpdelta – Show deltas between SNMP polls
• snmpdf – SNMP disk usage
• snmpget – SNMP GET request
• snmpgetnext – SNMP GET-NEXT request
• snmpinform – SNMP INFORM request
• snmpnetstat – SNMP network stats
• snmpset – SNMP SET request
• snmpstatus – SNMP status
• snmptable – SNMP table viewer
• snmptest – SNMP diagnostic
• snmptranslate – Translate MIB OIDs
• snmptrap – Send SNMP TRAP
• snmpusm – SNMP USM management
• snmpvacm – SNMP VACM access control
• snmpwalk – Walk SNMP tree
• sntp – Simple Network Time Protocol client
• sort – Sort text lines
• sourcekit-lsp – Swift/SourceKit Language Server
• spfd – Sender Policy Framework daemon
• spfd5.34 – Versioned spfd
• spfquery – Query SPF records
• spfquery5.34 – Versioned spfquery
• splain – Explain Perl warnings
• splain5.34 – Versioned splain
• split – Split file into pieces
• SplitForks – Split HFS data/resource forks
• sqlite3 – SQLite database shell
• ssh – Secure shell client
• ssh-add – Add identities to agent
• ssh-agent – Hold private keys in memory
• ssh-copy-id – Install public key on remote host
• ssh-keygen – Generate/manage SSH keys
• ssh-keyscan – Gather host keys
• stapler – Bundle resources into attachments
• stat – File status
• streamzip – Stream zip archive creation
• streamzip5.34 – Versioned streamzip
• stringdups – Detect duplicate strings in binaries
• strings – Print printable strings in files
• strip – Remove symbols from binaries
• stz – Symbol Table tool (internal)
• su – Substitute user identity
• sudo – Run command as another user
• sum – Calculate checksum
• sw_vers – Show macOS version info
• swcutil – Shared web credentials utility
• swift – Swift interpreter / repl driver
• swift-inspect – Inspect Swift process runtime
• swiftc – Swift compiler
• symbols – Symbol table analyzer
• symbolscache – Manage symbol cache
• syscallbypid.d – DTrace syscall per pid
• syscallbyproc.d – DTrace syscall per proc
• syscallbysysc.d – DTrace syscall by system call number
• sysdiagnose – Collect comprehensive system diagnostics
• syslog – Send messages to syslog
• syspolicy_check – Check system security policy
• system-override – Override system setting (internal)
• systemextensionsctl – Manage system extensions
• tab2space – Convert tabs to spaces
• tabs – Set terminal tab stops
• tail – Output last part of files
• tailspin – Collect tailspin traces
• talk – Chat program
• tar – Tape archive utility
• taskinfo – Task information (internal)
• tbtdiagnose – Thunderbolt diagnostics
• tccutil – Manage TCC (privacy) database
• tclsh – Tcl shell
• tclsh8.5 – Versioned Tcl shell
• tee – Duplicate input to outputs
• test-yaml – YAML parser test script
• test-yaml5.34 – Versioned test-yaml
• textutil – Convert/manipulate text formats (RTF, HTML, etc.)
• tftp – Trivial File Transfer Protocol client
• thermal – Thermal events monitor
• tic – Compile terminfo description
• tidy – HTML tidy checker
• tidy_changelog – HTML tidy changelog tool
• tidy_changelog5.34 – Versioned tool
• tiff2icns – Convert TIFF to ICNS icon
• tiffutil – Manipulate TIFF images
• time – Run command and measure time
• timer_analyser.d – DTrace timer analysis
• timerfires – DTrace timer fires script
• timesyncanalyse – Time sync analysis tool
• tkcon – Tk console
• tkmib – Tk SNMP MIB browser
• tkpp – Tk Perl profiler
• tkpp5.34 – Versioned tkpp
• tmdiagnose – Time Machine diagnose
• tmutil – Time Machine management nameserv – Java RMI naming service
• toe – List/describe terminfo entries
• top – Dynamic real-time process viewer
• tops – CPU usage summary
• topsyscall – Top system calls
• topsysproc – Top system processes
• touch – Update file timestamps/create file
• tput – Initialize terminal / query capabilities
• tr – Translate/delete characters
• trace – DTrace front-end script
• traptoemail – Trap output email script
• trash – Move file to Trash
• treereg – Perl tree regex tool
• treereg5.34 – Versioned treereg
• trimforce – Force SSD TRIM enable
• true – Do nothing successfully
• truncate – Shrink/extend file size
• trustcachectl – Manage system trust caches
• tset – Terminal initialization
• tsort – Topological sort
• tty – Print terminal name
• type – Describe command type (shell front)
• ul – Underline text (terminal)
• ulimit – Set shell resource limits
• umask – Set default file permissions mask
• umtool – UM helper (internal)
• unalias – Remove shell alias
• uname – System name/version information
• uncompress – Decompress .Z files
• unexpand – Convert spaces to tabs
• unifdef – Remove ifdef’d lines from C sources
• unifdefall – Remove nested ifdefs (recursive)
• uniq – Report or filter duplicate lines
• units – Convert between measurement units
• unpack200 – Unpack Java pack200 archives
• unvis – Convert visual escapes to raw form
• unzip – Extract zip archives
• unzipsfx – Self-extracting unzip stub
• update_dyld_shared_cache – Update dynamic loader shared cache
• update_mcdp29xx – Firmware/update tool (internal)
• uptime – Show system uptime
• usbcfwflasher – USB controller firmware flasher
• usbdiagnose – USB diagnostics
• usdcat – Universal Scene Description (USD) cat
• usdchecker – USD asset checker
• usdcrush – Compress USD data
• usdextract – Extract assets from USD
• usdrecord – Record USD changes
• usdtree – Tree view for USD structure
• usdzip – Zip USD data
• users – Show logged-in users
• uttype – Unicode type tool
• uucp – Unix to Unix copy (UUCP)
• uudecode – Decode uuencoded files
• uuencode – Encode files to uuencode
• uuidgen – Generate UUIDs
• uulog – UUCP log viewer
• uuname – UUCP system info
• uupick – Pick up UUCP files
• uustat – UUCP status
• uuto – Send UUCP files
• uux – Execute UUCP command remotely
• vi – Vi text editor
• view – View (read-only) vi mode
• viewdiagnostic – Diagnostics viewer
• vim – Vi Improved editor
• vimdiff – Diff mode for Vim
• vimtutor – Vim tutorial
• vis – Visual encode (make text visible)
• vm_stat – Virtual memory statistics
• vmmap – VM region map of process
• vtool – Mach-O verification tool
• w – Show who is logged in and activity
• wait – Wait for process completion
• wall – Write message to all users
• wc – Word/line/byte count
• wdutil – Wi-Fi diagnostics utility
• what – Show what strings (version IDs) in files
• whatis – One-line man page description lookup
• whereis – Locate binary/source/man files
• which – Locate executable by PATH
• who – Show who is logged in
• whoami – Print effective user ID
• whois – WHOIS domain info client
• wish – Tk shell (wish) runtime
• wish8.5 – Versioned wish
• write – Write message to a user’s terminal
• xar – XAR archive tool (macOS packages)
• xargs – Build/executor for command lines
• xattr – Get/set extended attributes
• xcdebug – Xcode debug helper
• xcode-select – Switch active Xcode path
• xcodebuild – Build Xcode projects
• xcrun – Run Xcode developer tools by name
• xcscontrol – Xcode Server control
• xcsdiagnose – Xcode Server diagnostics
• xctrace – Performance trace (Instruments)
• xed – Launch Xcode text editor
• xgettext.pl – Perl gettext extractor
• xgettext5.34.pl – Versioned xgettext
• xip – Create/extract signed XIP archives
• xml2-config – libxml2 build config helper
• xml2man – XML to man conversion
• xmlcatalog – XML catalog utility
• xmllint – XML parser/validator
• xpath – Evaluate XPath expressions
• xpath5.34 – Versioned xpath
• xprotect – macOS malware signature info
• xslt-config – libxslt build config
• xsltproc – XSLT processing tool
• xsubpp – Perl XS preprocessor
• xsubpp5.34 – Versioned xsubpp
• xxd – Hex dump and reverse hexdump
• yaa – Yet another archiver (legacy)
• yacc – Yet Another Compiler Compiler (parser gen)
• yamlpp-events – YAML events parser tool
• yamlpp-events5.34 – Versioned events tool
• yamlpp-highlight – YAML syntax highlighter
• yamlpp-highlight5.34 – Versioned highlighter
• yamlpp-load – YAML loader tool
• yamlpp-load-dump – Load & dump YAML combined
• yamlpp-load-dump5.34 – Versioned load-dump
• yamlpp-load5.34 – Versioned loader
• yamlpp-parse-emit – Parse & emit YAML
• yamlpp-parse-emit5.34 – Versioned parse-emit
• yapp – Perl parser generator (Yapp)
• yapp5.34 – Versioned yapp
• yes – Repeatedly output a string
• zcat – Decompress & cat gzip file
• zcmp – Compare gzipped files
• zdiff – Diff gzipped files
• zegrep – Egrep through gzipped files
• zfgrep – Fgrep through gzipped files
• zforce – Force .gz extension
• zgrep – Grep through gzipped files
• zip – Create ZIP archives
• zipcloak – Encrypt entries in ZIP archive
• zipdetails – Details of ZIP archive structure
• zipdetails5.34 – Versioned zipdetails
• zipgrep – Grep through ZIP contents
• zipinfo – Display ZIP archive info
• zipnote – Edit ZIP archive comments
• zipsplit – Split ZIP archive into pieces
• zless – View gzip text via less
• zmore – View gzip via more
• znew – Recompress .Z to .gz
• zprint – Pretty-print Perl data structures